The splitting theorem for globally hyperbolic Lorentzian length spaces with non-negative timelike curvature (Q6097988)

In the 1960s, \textit{V. A. Toponogov} proved his well-known splitting theorems for Riemannian manifolds [Transl., Ser. 2, Am. Math. Soc. 37, 287--290 (1964; Zbl 0138.42902); Transl., Ser. 2, Am. Math. Soc. 70, 225--239 (1968; Zbl 0187.43801)]. \textit{A. D. Milka} [Ukr. Geom. Sb. 4, 43--48 (1967; Zbl 0184.47404)] generalized some of Toponogov's results to Alexandrov spaces of non-negative curvature. In this paper, the authors prove splitting theorems for Lorentzian length spaces. Let \(\left( X,D\right) \) be a metric space with a reflexive and transitive relation \(\leq\) (called causal relation), a transitive relation \(<<\) (called time-like relation) contained in \(\leq\), and a lower semi-continuous mapping (called time separation) \(\tau:X\times X\rightarrow \left[ 0,+\infty\right] \) such that \(\tau\left( x,y\right) =0\) if \(x\nleq y\), \(\tau\left( x,y\right) >0\Leftrightarrow x<<y\), \(\tau\) satisfies the reverse triangle inequality, and for all \(x\leq y,x\neq y,\) \[ \tau\left( x,y\right) =\sup\left\{ L_{\tau}\left( \gamma\right) \text{: }\gamma\text{ future directed causal from }x\text{ to }y\right\}. \] Then \(\left( X,d,<<,\leq,\tau\right) \) is called a Lorentzian length space. The main theorem states that if \(\left( X,d,<<,\leq,\tau\right) \) is a connected, regularly localisable, globally hyperbolic Lorentzian length space with proper metric \(d\) and global non-negative time-like curvature satisfying time-like geodesic prolongation, and containing a complete time-like line \(\gamma:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow X\), then there is a \(\tau\)- and causality-preserving homeomorphism \(f:\mathbb{R}\times S\rightarrow X\), where \(S\) is a proper, strictly intrinsic metric space of non-negative Alexandrov curvature.