Counting abelian varieties over finite fields via Frobenius densities (Q6101525)

Let \([X,\lambda]\) be a principally polarized \(g\)-dimensional abelian variety over the finite field \(\mathbb F_q\) where \(q=p^e\) and \(p\) is prime. Let \(I([X,\lambda],q)\) denote its isogeny class, which contains finitely many varieties, and let \(\widetilde\#I([X,\lambda],q)\) be the cardinality weighted by automorphism group. Proved in the paper under review is an Euler-product formula of \(\widetilde\#I([X,\lambda],q)\), which is stated below. Let \(f(T)\) be the characteristic polynomial of Frobenius of \(X/\mathbb F_q\), let \(\mathrm{GSp}_{2g}\) be the group of symplectic similitudes of a symplectic space of dimension \(2g\), and let \(\mathbb{A}_{\mathrm{GSp}_{2g}}\) be the space of characteristic polynomials of these similitudes. Given a rational prime \(\ell \nmid p \mathrm{disc}(f)\), let \[ v_\ell := \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{ \#\lbrace\gamma \in \mathrm{GSp}_{2g}(\mathbb Z_\ell/\ell^n): \mathrm{charpoly}_\gamma(T) = f(T)\ \mathrm{mod }\ \ell^n\rbrace } { \#\mathrm{GSp}_{2g}(\mathbb Z_\ell/\ell^n)/\#\mathbb{A}_{\mathrm{GSp}_{2g}}(\mathbb Z_\ell/\ell^n) }. \] We refer to the paper for the definition of \(v_\ell\), where \(\ell \mid p\, \mathrm{disc}(f)\, \infty\), which is more involved. The authors prove the following theorem: Suppose that either \(X\) is ordinary or \(q=p\). Then, \[ \widetilde\#I([X,\lambda],q) = q^{\frac12 \mathrm{dim}(\mathcal A_g)} \tau_T v_\infty \prod_{\ell} v_\ell, \] where \(\tau_T\) is the Tamagawa number of the algebraic torus \(T\) associated with \([X,\lambda]\). It was proved in [\textit{E.-U. Gekeler}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2003, No. 37, 1999--2018 (2003; Zbl 1104.11033)] the above theorem for an ordinary elliptic curve, and the work of the paper under review is a generalization of [loc. cit.]. As demonstrated in [\textit{J. D. Achter} and \textit{J. Gordon}, Pac. J. Math. 286, No. 1, 1--24 (2017; Zbl 1379.11065)] for elliptic curves, the size of the isogeny class for the abelian variety is equal to the product of the global volume of a certain adelic quotient and an orbital integral on \(\mathrm{GSp}_{2g}\), and this can be proved using Kottwitz's formula, which is a generalization of Langland's formula for counting points on modular curves over finite fields. The contribution of the paper under review is to decompose the product of the global volume and the integral into an Euler product as described in the theorem. The cohomological and combinatorical aspects of the symplectic similitude groups are much more involved than general linear groups, and little is known about the Tamagawa number \(\tau_T\) to the authors. Available in the paper is the appendix on the Tamagawa number, written by two contributors Thomas Rüd and Wen-Wei Li.