Algebro-geometric quasi-periodic solutions to the Satsuma-Hirota hierarchy (Q6102482)

The aim of the present paper is to study the theory of tetragonal curves and its application in integrable models. The authors derive three kinds of Abel differentials from which a systematic method is developed to construct algebro-geometric quasi-periodic solutions of soliton equations associated with the \(4\times4\) matrix spectral problems. They take the Satsuma-Hirota hierarchy as an example, and explore a theoretical framework to construct algebro-geometric quasi-periodic solutions of this hierarchy associated with the \(4\times4\) matrix spectral problem. This is done using the Lenard recursion equation and the zero-curvature equation. Based on the characteristic polynomial of the Lax matrix for the Satsuma-Hirota hierarchy, the authors introduce a tetragonal curve of genus \(g\) and study the asymptotic properties of the Baker-Akhiezer function and the meromorphic function near the infinite points on the tetragonal curve. The straightening out of various flows is exactly given through the Abel map and Abel-Jacobi coordinates. Using the theory tetragonal curves and properties of the three kinds of Abel differentials, they obtain the explicit Riemann theta function representations of the involved Baker-Akhiezer function and meromorphic function, and in particular, that of solutions for the entire Satsuma-Hirota hierarchy.