A web basis of invariant polynomials from noncrossing partitions (Q6103822)

Specht modules \(S^\lambda\), indexed by integer partitions, are the irreducible complex representations of symmetric groups \(S_n\). There are different ways to construct and describe Specht modules. These various constructions yield distinct linear bases of \(S^\lambda\) that are variously well adapted to one task or another. Particularly powerful are web bases, which make important connections with cluster algebras and quantum link invariants. Unfortunately, web bases are only known in very special cases-essentially, only the cases \(\lambda=(d,d)\) and \(\lambda=(d,d,d)\). This paper presented a way to construct an apparent web basis of invariant polynomial for the 2-parameter family of Specht modules with \(\lambda\) of the form \((d,d,1^l)\). Given a partition \(\pi=\left\{\pi_1, \pi_2,\ldots,\pi_d \right\}\in \Pi(n,d)\), let \(\mathscr{T}(\pi)\) be the set of generalized tableaux \(T_{ij}\) (in English notation with matrix indexing) with \(d\) columns (so \(1\leq j\leq d\)) and \(n-2d+2\) rows \((1\leq i\leq n-2d+2)\) obeying the following constraints: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(T_{ij}\in [n]\) or \(T_{ij}\) is empty. \item[2.] If \(i\in \{1,2\}\), \(T_{ij}\) is nonempty. \item[3.] If \(i>2\), there exists exactly one \(j\) such that \(T_{ij}\) is nonempty. \item[4.] The nonempty entries in column \(j\) are exactly the elements of \(\pi_j\), in increasing order. \end{itemize} The set \(\mathscr{T}(\pi)\) is called the set of jellyfish tableaux of \(\pi\). Now, a polynomial web invariant for each set of partition \(\pi\) with no singletons is defined as \[ \left[\pi\right]=\sum_{T\in \mathscr{T}(\pi)}\text{sgn}(T)J(T), \] where \(\text{sgn}=(-1)^{\text{inv}(T)}\) and \(J(T)\) is the product of the determinants \(J(T)=\prod_{i=1}^{d}M_{R_i(T)}^{\pi_i}\) (\(R_i(T)\) is the set of rows of \(T\) containing an entry in \(\pi_i\)). If \(\pi\) has a singleton block, \(\left[\pi\right]=0\). The work of \textit{B. Rhoades}, [J. Algebraic Combin. 45.1, 81--127 (2017; Zbl 1355.05280)] provided representation theoretic meaning to noncrossing partitions without singletons by combinatorically reconstructing the Specht module \(S^{(d,d,1^l)}\) with these combinatorial diagrams as an apparently new ``skein'' basis. The main result of this paper realizes Rhoade's skein basis in a geometrically-natural setting. More precisely, the authors associated to each noncrosing set partition without singletons a global section \([\pi]\) of a line bundle on the 2-step partial flag variety \(\mathrm{Fl}(2,l+2;n)\), yielding a basis of the pennant Specht module \(S^{(d,d,1^l)}\) that is equivalent to Rhoades' skein basis up to signs. Let \(\mathcal{W}(n,d)\) denote the set of crossing partitions of \(n\) with \(d\) blocks with no singletons. The set \(\left\{[\pi]: \pi \in \mathcal{W}(n,d)\right\}\) forms a basis for \(S^\lambda\) where \(\lambda=\left(d,d,1^{n-2d-2}\right)\). Moreover, up to signs, the long cycle \(c=n12\cdots(n-1)\in S_n\) acts by rotation of diagrams and the long element \(w_0=n(n-1)\cdots21\in S_n\) acts by reflection. Specifically, the following result is obtained \[ w_0\cdot [\pi]=\left(-1\right)^{\binom{n}{2}}\left[\mathtt{refl}(\pi)\right] \text{ and } c\cdot [\pi]=\left(-1\right)^{n-1}\left[\mathtt{rot}(\pi)\right] \] where \(\mathtt{rot}\) denotes counterclockwise rotation by \(\left(\frac{360}{n}\right)^\circ\), and \(\mathtt{refl}\) denotes reflection across the diameter with end-point halfway between vertices \(n\) and 1. Moreover, the planar diagrams that appear are noncrossing set partitions and the authors obtained geometric interpretations of earlier enumerative results in combinatorial dynamics.