Overconvergent Hilbert modular forms via perfectoid modular varieties (Q6114295)

This paper gives a purely analytic definition of $p$-adic overconvergent Hilbert modular forms, which closely resembles the classical definition. The definition recovers a previous definition given by \textit{F. Andreatta} et al. [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 51, No. 3, 603--655 (2018; Zbl 1444.11075)] and extends the construction of \textit{P. Chojecki} et al. [Doc. Math. 22, 191--262 (2017; Zbl 1455.11088)] for Shimura curves. For a totally real field $F$ of degree $d$, a classical Hilbert modular forms of weight $k$ and level $\Gamma \subseteq\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathcal O_F)$ is a holomorphic function $f \colon \mathcal H^d \to \mathbb C$ satisfying a transformation property of the form \[ \gamma^\ast f = (cz+d)^k f\text{ for }\gamma = \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}\in \Gamma, \] where $(cz + d)^k := \prod\limits_{i=1}^d (c_i z_i + d)^{k_i}$. Algebraically, this transformation property can be interpreted as defining a line bundle $\omega^k$ on the Hilbert modular surface $\Gamma \backslash \mathcal H^d$ whose holomorphic sections are Hilbert modular forms. In other words, the complex points of the Hilbert modular surface $X$ admit an analytic uniformization \[ \mathcal H^d \to \Gamma \backslash \mathcal H^d \] and the line bundle $\omega^k$ on $X$ can be canonically trivialized over $\mathcal H^d$. The goal of the paper is to develop an analogous treatment of $p$-adic overconvergent Hilbert modular forms. In this case, the analytic uniformization is given by \[ \mathcal X_{\Gamma(p^\infty)} \to \mathcal X, \] where $\mathcal X$ is the adic analytic Hilbert modular surface and $\mathcal X_{\Gamma(p^\infty)}$ is a perfectoid Hilbert modular surface at the infinite level. Using the Hodge-Tate period map of Caraiani-Scholze, the pullback of $\omega^k$ can be (locally) trivialized over $\mathcal X_{\Gamma(p^\infty)}$. This leads to a purely analytic definition (Definition 1.1) of overconvergent Hilbert modular forms of weight $\kappa$ as functions on $\mathcal X_{\Gamma(p^\infty)}$ satisfying \[ \gamma^\ast f = \kappa^{-1}(c \mathfrak z + d) f \text{ for }\gamma \in \Gamma_0^\ast(p), \] where $\kappa(c \mathfrak z + d)$ is a factor of automorphy and $\kappa \colon \mathbb Z_p^\times \to L^\times$ is a $p$-adic weight. The approach taken in this work has several advantages. \begin{itemize} \item It gives a definition of the sheaf of Hilbert modular forms directly on the Shimura variety associated to $G = \mathrm{Res}_{F/\mathbb Q}\mathrm{GL}_{2, F}$, instead of one given by descent from the PEL-type Shimura variety for $G^\ast = G \times_{\mathrm{Res}_{F/\mathbb Q} \mathbb G_{m, F}} \mathbb G_{m, \mathbb Q}$, \item It allows to easily define subspaces of integral forms, without relying on formal models. \item The resulting framework is well-adapted to constructing overconvergent Eichler-Shimura maps from overconvergent cohomology. \end{itemize}