On the generic part of the cohomology of compact unitary Shimura varieties (Q1679186)

Let \(G\) be a reductive group defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) and \(X=G(\mathbb{R})/K_\infty\) where \(K_\infty\) is a maximal compact subgroup of \(G(\mathbb{R})\), and denote by \(X_\Gamma=\Gamma\setminus X\) the locally symmetric space for a congruence subgroup \(\Gamma\) of \(G(\mathbb{Q})\). A classical result on \((\mathfrak{g},K_\infty)\)-cohomology says that in the case where \(X_\Gamma\) is a Shimura variety, then the tempered automorphic representations of \(G\) are concentrated in the middle degree cohomology group \(H^{\dim X/2}(X_\Gamma,\mathbb{C})\) with complex coefficients [\textit{A. Borel} and \textit{N. Wallach}, Continuous cohomology, discrete subgroups, and representations of reductive groups. 2nd ed. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2000; Zbl 0980.22015)]. In this article, the authors investigate a similar question for the cohomology groups with torsion coefficients. The main result is the following (Theorem 1.1): if \(G\) is an anisotropic unitary similitude group of dimension \(n\) over a CM-field \(F\), then every system of Hecke eigenvalues \(\mathfrak{m}\) in \(H^i(X_\Gamma,\mathbb{F}_\ell)\) gives rise to a Galois representation \[ \rho_{\mathfrak m}:\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{F}/F)\to \mathrm{GL}_n(\bar{\mathbb{F}_\ell}); \] if \(p\) is a prime number such that \(F\) is completely decomposed above \(p\), and \(\rho_{\mathfrak m}\) is unramified and decomposed generic at all places of \(F\) above \(p\) (\(\rho_{\mathfrak m}\) is decomposed generic if some condition is satisfied on the eigenvalues of the evaluation the localized representations at the arithmetic Frobenius, see Definition 1.9), then \(i=\dim X/2\) is the middle degree. The main ingredient of the proof is the construction of a Hodge-Tate period map (Theorem 2.13): for \((G,X)\) a Shimura datum of Hodge type and \(K\) a compact open subgroup of \(G(\mathbb{A}_f)\), denote by \(S_K\) be the associated Shimura variety and \(E\) the reflex field. Then for \(\mathfrak{p}\) a place above \(p\) in \(E\) and any sufficiently small compact open subgroup \(K^p\) of \(G(\mathbb{A}^p_f)\), there is a perfectoid space \(\mathcal{S}_{K^p}\) over \(E_{\mathfrak{p}}\) such that \[ \mathcal{S}_{K^p}\sim\underset{\overset{\longleftarrow}{K_p}}{\text{lim}}(S_{K^pK_p}\otimes_EE_{\mathfrak{p}}). \] For a minuscule cocharacter \(\mu:\mathbb{G}_m\to G_{\mathbb{C}}\), the Hodge-Tate period map is of the form \[ \pi_{HT}:\mathcal{S}_{K^p}\to\mathcal{F}\ell_{G,\mu} \] where \(\mathcal{F}\ell_{G,\mu}\) is the adic flag variety. This construction generalizes the one in [the first author, Ann. Math. (2) 182, No. 3, 945--1066 (2015; Zbl 1345.14031)]; moreover, it is shown that every semisimple automorphic vector bundle arises as a pullback along \(\pi_{HT}\). The authors show that the space \(\mathcal{F}\ell_{G,\mu}\) has a natural stratification indexed by Kottwitz's isocrystals, and the fibers on each stratum are closely related to Igusa varieties ([\textit{E. Mantovan}, Duke Math. J. 129, No. 3, 573--610 (2005; Zbl 1112.11033)]); they deduce a perversity condition on the derived direct image \(R\pi_{HT*}\mathbb{F}_\ell\), and conclude with a Leray spectral sequence-type argument.