On the weak boundedness of multilinear Littlewood-Paley functions (Q6115249)

Let \(\psi(x, y)\) be a real-valued locally integrable function defined away from the diagonal \(x=y\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{2 n}\) which satisfies the following conditions: for any \(x, y, h \in \mathbb{R}^n\), \[ |\psi(x, y)| \leq C\mathcal{M} 1_{Q(x, 1)}(y) w\left(\frac{1}{1+|x-y|}\right); \] for any \(h\in \mathbb{R}^n\) with \(|h|<\frac{1}{2}|x-y|\), \[ |\psi(x, y)-\psi(x+h, y)| \leq C \mathcal{M} 1_{Q(x, 1)}(y) \varphi\left(\frac{|h|}{1+|x-y|}\right) w\left(\frac{1}{1+|x-y|}\right) \] and \[ |\psi(x, y)-\psi(x, y+h)| \leq C \mathcal{M} 1_{Q(x, 1)}(y) \varphi\left(\frac{|h|}{1+|x-y|}\right) w\left(\frac{1}{1+|x-y|}\right). \] Here \(C>0\), \(\mathcal M\) is the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on \(\mathbb R^n\), and \(\varphi\) and \(w\) are moduli of continuity satisfying the Dini condition \(\int_0^1\frac{\varphi(t)+w(t)}{t}dt<\infty\). For \(\alpha>0\), \(f \in \mathcal{S}\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)\) and \(x \in \mathbb{R}^n\), define the square function \[ S_{\alpha, \psi} f(x)=\left(\iint_{\Gamma_a(x)}\left|\psi_t f(y)\right|^2 \frac{d y d t}{t^{n+1}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}, \] where \[ \psi_t f(x)=\frac{1}{t^n} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \psi\left(\frac{x}{t}, \frac{y}{t}\right) f(y) dy, t>0. \] In this paper, under the assumption that \(S_{1,\psi}\) is bounded on \(L^2(\mathbb R^n)\), by establishing a pointwise sparse donimation of \(S_{\alpha, \psi}f\), the authors show that there exist positive constants \(A\) and \(D\) such that \[ \left\|S_{\alpha, \psi}\right\|_{L^1 \rightarrow L^{1, \infty}} \leq D \alpha^n\left(A[w]_{\text {Dini }}\left(1+[\varphi]_{\text {Dini }}\right)+\left\|S_{1, \psi}\right\|_{L^2 \rightarrow L^2}\right) \] for all \(\alpha \geq 1\). As a direct consequence, the authors further obtain the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley function \(g^\ast_{\lambda, \psi}\) with \(\lambda >2\), which is defined by \[ g_{\lambda, \psi}^* f(x)=\left(\iint_{\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}}\left(\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\right)^{n \lambda}\left|\psi_t f(y)\right|^2 \frac{d y d t}{t^{n+1}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \] The boundedness of multilinear Littlewood-Paley operators is also considered.