Weighted bounds for multilinear square functions (Q507191)

Let \(\psi(x,\vec{y})\) be a locally integrable function defined away from the diagonal \(x=y_1=\cdots y_m\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{n\times(m+1)}\). Let \(A\) and \(\delta\) be positive constants. Assume that \(\psi(x,\vec{y})\) satisfies the following conditions: (1) size condition: \[ |\psi(x,\vec{y})|\leq \frac{A}{(1+|x-y_1|+\cdots+|x-y_m|)^{mn+\delta}}; \] (2) smoothness condition: there exists \(\gamma>0\) such that \[ |\psi(x,\vec{y})-\psi(x+h,\vec{y})|\leq \frac{A|h|^{\gamma}}{(1+|x-y_1|+\cdots+|x-y_m|)^{mn+\delta+\gamma}}, \] whenever \(|h|<{\max_{1\leq j\leq m}|x-y_j|}/2\), and \[ |\psi(x,y_1,\ldots, y_i,\ldots, y_m)-\psi(x, y_1,\ldots, y_i+h,\ldots, y_m)|\leq \frac{A|h|^{\gamma}}{(1+|x-y_1|+\cdots+|x-y_m|)^{mn+\delta+\gamma}}, \] whenever \(|h|<{|x-y_i|}/2\) for \(i\in \{1,\ldots, m\}\). For \(\vec{f}=(f_1,\ldots, f_m)\) defined on the \(m\)-fold product of Schwartz spaces on \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(x\notin \cap_{j=1}^m \text{supp} {f_j}\) and \(t>0\), the operator \(\psi_t\) is defined as \[ \psi_t(\vec{f})(x)=\frac{1}{t^{mn}}\int_{(\mathbb{R}^n)^m}\psi\left(\frac{x}{t},\frac{y_1}{t},\ldots,\frac{y_m}{t}\right)\prod_{j=1}^m f_j(y_j) d\vec{y}. \] For \(\lambda>2m,\;\alpha>0\), the multilinear square functions \(g_{\lambda,\Psi}^*(\vec{f})\) and \(S_{\psi,\alpha}(\vec{f})\) are defined by \[ g_{\lambda,\psi}^*=\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+}\left(\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\right)^{n\lambda}|\psi_t(\vec{f})(y)|^2\frac{dydt}{t^{n+1}}\right)^{1/2}, \] \[ S_{\psi,\alpha}(\vec{f})(x)=\left(\int_{\Gamma_{\alpha}(x)}|\psi_t(\vec{f})(y)|^2\frac{dydt}{t^{n+1}}\right)^{1/2}, \] where \(\Gamma_{\alpha}(x)=\{(y,t)\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}_+: |x-y|<\alpha t\}.\) In this paper, the authors obtain the weighted bounds for the multilinear square functions \(g_{\lambda,\Psi}^*(\vec{f})\) and \(S_{\psi,\alpha}(\vec{f})\). To be more precise, the main theorems are the following: Theorem 1. Let \(\vec{P}=(p_1,\ldots, p_m)\) with \(1<p_1,\ldots, p_m<\infty\) and \(1/{p_1}+\ldots+1/{p_m}=1/{p}\). Let \(\alpha\geq 1\). If \(\vec{w}=(w_1,\ldots, w_m)\in A_{\vec{P}}\), then \[ \|S_{\alpha,\psi}(\vec{f})\|_{L^p(v_{\vec{w}})}\leq C_{n,m,\psi,\vec{P}}\alpha^{mn}[\vec{w}]_{A_{\vec{P}}}^{\max\{\frac{1}{2},\frac{p'_1}{p},\ldots,\frac{p'_m}{p}\}} \prod_{i=1}^m\|f_i\|_{L^{p_i}(w_i)}. \] Theorem 2. Let \(\lambda>2m\), \(\vec{P}=(p_1,\ldots, p_m)\) with \(1<p_1,\ldots, p_m<\infty\) and \(1/{p_1}+\ldots+1/{p_m}=1/{p}\). If \(\vec{w}=(w_1,\ldots, w_m)\in A_{\vec{P}}\), then \[ \|g_{\lambda,\Psi}^*(\vec{f})\|_{L^p(v_{\vec{w}})}\leq C_{n,m,\psi,\vec{P}} [\vec{w}]_{A_{\vec{P}}}^{\max\{\frac{1}{2},\frac{p'_1}{p},\ldots,\frac{p'_m}{p}\}} \prod_{i=1}^m\|f_i\|_{L^{p_i}(w_i)}. \] The multiple weights in Theorems 1 and 2 were introduced by \textit{A. K. Lerner} et al. [Adv. Math. 220, No. 4, 1222--1264 (2009; Zbl 1160.42009)]. Theorem 1 extends the result due to \textit{A. K. Lerner} [J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 20, No. 4, 784--800 (2014; Zbl 1310.42010)] in the linear case to the multilinear setting. The authors also conjecture that these bounds are sharp.