Characterizations of circle homeomorphisms of different regularities in the universal Teichmüller space (Q6149999)

Summary: In this survey, we first give a summary of characterizations of circle homeomorphisms of different regularities (quasisymmetric, symmetric, or \(C^{1+\alpha}\)) in terms of Beurling-Ahlfors extension, Douady-Earle extension, and Thurston's earthquake representation of an orientation-preserving circle homeomorphism. Then we provide a brief account of characterizations of the elements of the tangent spaces of these sub-Teichmüller spaces at the base point in the universal Teichmüuller space. We also investigate the regularity of the Beurling-Ahlfors extension \(BA(h)\) of a \(C^{1+\mathrm{Zygmund}}\) orientation-preserving diffeomorphism \(h\) of the real line, and show that the Beltrami coefficient \(\mu (BA(h))(x + iy)\) vanishes as \(O(y)\) uniformly on near \(x\) the boundary of the upper half plane if and only if \(h\) is \(C^{1+\mathrm{Lipschitz}}\). Finally, we show this criterion is indeed true when \(h\) is started with any homeomorphism of the real line that is a lifting map of an orientation-preserving circle homeomorphism.