Self-similar solution for Hardy operator (Q6156063)

The authors consider the semigroup generated by the Hardy operator \(L=\Delta^{\alpha/2}+k|x|^{-\alpha}\) on \({\mathbb R}^d\). Let \(k^*\) is the best constant in the Hardy inequality for the quadratic form of \(\Delta^{\alpha/2}\). The authors consider both the case of a subcritical value of the parameter \(k\) (\(k < k^*\)) and the critical case (\(k = k^*\)). The main object of interest is the large-time asymptotics of the heat kernel \(p(t,x,y)\) of the Hardy operator \(L\). Let \(h(x) = h_\delta(x) := |x|^{-\delta}\). It is proved that the limit \(\Psi_t(x)=\lim\limits_{y\to 0} \frac{p(t,x,y)}{h_\delta(y)} \) exists whenever \(0\leq \delta \leq \frac{d-\alpha}{2}, t > 0, x\in {\mathbb R}^d\) and \(\Psi_t(x)\) is a self-similar semigroup solution of the heat equation for the Hardy operator \[ \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} p(s,y,x)\Psi_t(y) \mathrm{d} y =\Psi_{t+s}(x), \Psi_t(x)= t^{\frac{\delta-d}{\alpha} } \Psi_1(t^{-1/\alpha }x), \quad t>0,\quad x\in {\mathbb R}^d \] \[ \Psi_t(x)= t^{\frac{\delta-d}{\alpha} } \Psi_1(t^{-1/\alpha }x), \quad t>0,\quad x\in {\mathbb R}^d. \] The following large-time asymptotics for \(P_t\) is proved: \[ \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }t^{\frac{d-2\delta}{\alpha}(1-\frac{1}{q})}\| P_t f - A\Psi_t\|_{q, h}=0, \] where \(A=\int_{{\mathbb R}^d}f (x) h(x)\mathrm{d} x\), \(q\in[1,\infty)\), and \[ \|f\|_{q,h }:= \bigg( \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} |f(x)|^q h^{2-q}(x)\mathrm{d} x \bigg) ^{\frac{1}{q}} . \] It is also proved that the result is optimal and explicit formula for the potential \(\int\limits_0^\infty \Psi_t (x) \mathrm{d}t\) is obtained. \par The proof of the large-time asymptotics hinges on the following hypercontractivity estimate \[ \|P_t f\|_{q,h} \le Ct^{-\frac{d-2\delta}{\alpha}(1-\frac{1}{q})} \|f\|_{L^1(h)}+Ct^{-\frac{d-2\delta}{\alpha}(1-\frac{1}{q})-\frac{\delta}{\alpha}}\|f\|_{L^1({\mathbb R}^d)}, 1<q<\infty , t>0, f \geq 0. \]