Regularity and multiplicity of toric rings of three-dimensional Ferrers diagrams (Q6156187)

Many algebraic and homological invariants such as the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the multiplicity of toric varieties are, in general, difficult to compute. Therefore, any contribution in the direction of bounding them is of interest. In this paper the authors focus on toric varieties defined on three-dimensional Ferrers diagram. Recall that a set \(\mathcal D \subseteq \mathbb Z^3_+\) is called a three-dimensional Ferrers diagram if for each \((a_1,a_2,a_3) \in \mathcal D\) and \((b_1,b_2,b_3)\in \mathbb Z^3_+\) such that \((a_1,a_2,a_3)>(b_1,b_2,b_3)\) - with respect the componentwise order - then \((b_1,b_2,b_3) \in \mathcal D\). Given a three-dimensional Ferrers diagram \(\mathcal D\subseteq \mathbb Z^3_+\) the authors consider the following natural objects (cf. Section 2) \begin{itemize} \item[--] a polynomial ring \(R=K[x_i , y_j, z_k]\) with enough variable to have all the monomials corresponding to the elements \((i,j,k)\in \mathcal D\); \item[--] a polinomial ring \(S=K[T_{(i,j,k)}]\) where each element \((i,j,k)\in \mathcal D\) corresponds to a different variable in~\(S;\) \item[--] a monomial ideal \(I_{\mathcal D}\subseteq R\) generated by the product of the variables corresponding to the elements in \(\mathcal D\). It is called the defining ideal of \({\mathcal D}\); \item[--] \(\mathcal F( I_{\mathcal D})=\bigoplus_t I_{\mathcal D}^t/{\mathfrak m}I_{\mathcal D}^t\), that is the toric ring of \(I_{\mathcal D};\) \item[--] the toric ideal \(J_{\mathcal D}\subseteq S\) of \(I_{\mathcal D}\), that is isomorphic to \(S/ker (\varphi)\) where \(\varphi:S\to R\) maps \(T_{ijk}\) to \(x_iy_jz_k.\) \end{itemize} The authors study the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the multiplicity of \(\mathcal F( I_{\mathcal D})\), for three-dimensional Ferrers diagrams, see Section 3. In particular, when \({\mathcal D}\) has only one maximal element, then a closed formula for them can be given, see Proposition 4.2 and Proposition 4.4. Other formulas are given under more restrictive conditions in sections 5 and 6.