Root-theoretic Young diagrams and Schubert calculus: planarity and the adjoint varieties (Q903939)

In this paper the authors study root-theoretic Young diagrams(RYD) to investigate the existence of a Lie-type uniform and nonnegative combinatorial rule for Schubert calculus. They provide some formulas for coadjoint varieties of classical Lie type. This is a simplest case after the (co)minuscule family. Using classical type rules, as well as results of \textit{P.-E. Chaput} and \textit{N. Perrin} [J. Lie Theory 22, No. 1, 17--80 (2012; Zbl 1244.14036)] in the exceptional types, they suggest a connection between polytopality of the set of nonzero Schubert structure constants and planarity of the diagrams. The main thesis of this paper is that RYDs provide a simple but uniform combinatorial perspective to discuss such questions mathematically, make precise comparisons, and to measure progress towards a rule (uniform, counting, patchwork, or otherwise).