On the sum of \(g\)-frames and their stability in Hilbert spaces (Q6159742)

The frame theory has roots in harmonic and functional analysis, operator theory, linear algebra, and matrix theory. The frame condition was first described by \textit{R. J. Duffin} and \textit{A. C. Schaeffer} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 72, 341--366 (1952; Zbl 0049.32401)] in a 1952 article on nonharmonic Fourier series as a way of computing the coefficients in a linear combination of the vectors of a linearly dependent spanning set (in their terminology, a ``Hilbert space frame''). Today frames are associated with wavelets, signal and image processing, and data compression. In the paper under review, the authors provide new results on generalized frames for Hilbert spaces. Let \(H\) be a separable Hilbert space. Let \(I\) be an indexing subset of \(\mathbb{N}\) and \(\{H_i\}_{i\in I}\) be a family of separable Hilbert spaces. As usual, \(B(H, H_i)\) is the set of all bounded linear operators from \(H\) to \(H_i\). Definition. A family \(\{\Lambda_i\}_{i\in I} \subset B(H, H_i)\) is called a \(g\)-frame for \(H\) with respect to \(\{H_i\}_{i\in I}\) if there exist positive constants \(A\) and \(B\) such that \[ A\|f\|^2\leq \sum_{i\in I}\|\Lambda_i f\|^2 \leq B\|f\|^2\quad\text{for all}\quad f\in H. \] The constants \(A\) and \(B\) are called lower and upper \(g\)-frame bounds, respectively. The family \(\{\Lambda_i\}_{i\in I}\) is called a \(g\)-Bessel sequence for \(H\) with \(g\)-Bessel bound \(B\) if at least the right-hand inequality is satisfied. A \(g\)-frame for a Hilbert space was defined by \textit{W. Sun} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 322, No. 1, 437--452 (2006; Zbl 1129.42017)]. In general, the sum of two \(g\)-frames for a Hilbert space \(H\) is not necessarily a \(g\)-frame for~\(H\). The authors present new sufficient conditions under which the sum of a \(g\)-frame and a \(g\)-Bessel sequence for \(H\) is a \(g\)-frame for \(H\). One of the results of the work is the following statement. Theorem 2.4. Suppose that \(\{\Lambda_i\}_{i\in I} \subset B(H, H_i)\) is a \(g\)-frame for \(H\). If \(U\in B(H,H)\) is positive, then \(\{\Lambda_i+\Lambda_i U\}_{i\in I}\) is a \(g\)-frame for \(H\). Moreover, for all \(\alpha\in \mathbb{R}\), the sequence \(\{\Lambda_i+\Lambda_i U^{\alpha}\}_{i\in I}\) is a \(g\)-frame for \(H\) with respect to \(\{H_i\}_{i\in I}\). The condition of positivity of the operator \(U\) in Theorem~2.4 is necessary. Similar to standard frames, \(g\)-frames are stable under small perturbations. In the final section of the article, the authors study the stability of \(g\)-frames under some types of perturbations.