Asymptotic behavior in time periodic parabolic problems with unbounded coefficients (Q615982)

The authors investigate the linear nonautonomous parabolic problem \[ \begin{cases} D_tu(t,x)={\mathcal A}(t)u(t,x),\,\,\,t>s,\,\,\,x\in\mathbb{R}^d,\\ u(s,x)=\varphi(x),\,\,\,x\in\mathbb{R}^d,\end{cases}\leqno(1) \] where \({\mathcal A}(t)\), \(t\in\mathbb{R}\), are the linear second-order differential operators \[ \begin{multlined}{\mathcal A}(t)(\varphi)(x)=\sum_{i,j=1}^dq_{ij}(t,x)D_{ij}\varphi(x)+\sum_{i=1}^db_i(t,x)D_i\varphi(x)=\\ \text{Tr}(Q(t,x)D^2\varphi(x))+\langle b(t,x),\nabla\varphi(x)\rangle,\end{multlined} \] which have smooth, unbounded and time \(T\)-periodic coefficients defined in \(\mathbb{R}^{1+d}\), satisfying a uniform ellipticity assumption. The paper is concerned with a detailed study of the asymptotic behavior of the evolution operator \(P(t,s)\) associated to the family \(\{{\mathcal A}(t)\}\), (\((t,x)\mapsto P(t,s)\varphi(x)\) is the solution of \((1)\)), in \(L^p\) spaces associated to a distinguished (\(T\)-periodic) evolution system of measures \(\{\mu_s: s\in\mathbb{R}\}\). The results generalize and improve asymptotic behavior results for Markov semigroups having an invariant measure. Spectral properties of the realization \(G_p\) of the parabolic operator \({\mathcal G}:={\mathcal A}(t)-D_t\) in the space \(L^p(\mathbb{T}\times \mathbb{R}^d,\mu)\), where \(\mathbb{T}=[0,T]\,\mod\, T\) and \(\mu(ds,dx)=\frac{1}{T}\mu_s(dx)ds\), are also investigated. The operator \(G_p\) is the infinitesimal generator of the contraction semigroup \({\mathcal T}(t)u(s,x)=P(s,s-t)u(s-t,\cdot)(x)\), \(t\geq 0\), \(s\in\mathbb{R}\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^d\), in the space \(L^p(\mathbb{T}\times \mathbb{R}^d,\mu)\). Some examples of families of operators \({\mathcal A}(t)\) which illustrate the obtained results are presented.