Geometric realizations of birational transformations via \({{\mathbb{C}}}^*\)-actions (Q6160249)

Let \(X\) be a normal irreducible complex projective variety, and a \({\mathbb C}^*\)-action on \(X\). A linearization of this \({\mathbb C}^*\)-action on an ample line bundle \(L\) over \(X\) provides a weight decomposition of the vector space of global sections of \(L\), and finally a finite set of geometric quotients \({\mathcal G}X_i\) and birational maps \({\mathcal G}X_1 -- \to \dots -- \to {\mathcal G}X_r\). On the other hand, one can construct the sink \(Y_{-}\), resp. the source \(Y_{+}\), of the action, that is, the fixed components of the action containing the limits of \(tx\), \(t \in {\mathbb C}^*\), \(x \in X\) general, when \(t \to \infty\), resp. \(t \to 0\). It can be shown that, when \(X\) is smooth and the sink and source are codimension one varieties (\(B\)-type action), \({\mathcal G} X_1\) (resp. \({\mathcal G} X_r\)) parametrizes the \(1\)-dimensional orbits converging to the sink (resp. to the source) and, consequently, \(\psi: {\mathcal G}X_1 -- \to {\mathcal G}X_r\) is called the birational map associated to the \({\mathbb C}^*\)-action. One can say, reciprocally, that \(X\) and the \({\mathbb C}^*\)-action is a geometric realization of \(\psi\). The first result in the paper (see Thm.3.4) shows that any quadro-quadric Cremona transformation with smooth nonempty fundamental locus admits a geometrical realization; such realizations are described. Morever, see Section 4, geometric realizations of a class of birational transformations, defined as bispecial transformations (see Def. 4.1), are provided. Such bispecial transformation applied to projective spaces are asked to have smooth fundamental loci of both the transformation and its inverse (remember that special Cremona transformations are asked to have smooth and irreducible fundamental locus). Furthermore (see Thm. 4.6), under some additional hypotheses, the uniquenes of such geometric realizations is shown. Last section is devoted to the study of some geometric properties of these geometric realizations, in the particular case of birational transformations between Picard number one varieties.