Criterion for the functional dissipativity of the Lamé operator (Q6162923)

The authors start from the two-dimensional Lamé operator \[Eu=\nabla \cdot (\lambda (x)\mathrm{div}\ uI+\mu (x)(\nabla u+(\nabla u)^{T})),\] where the Lamé parameters \(\lambda \) and \(\mu \) are real-valued \(L^{\infty }\)-functions satisfying the usual ellipticity conditions. They generalize this system to a general system of partial differential operators of the form \(A=\partial _{h}(\mathcal{A}^{hk}(x)\partial _{k})\), where \(\mathcal{A}^{hk}(x)=\{a_{ij}^{hk}(x)\}\) are \(m\times n\) matrices whose elements are complex-valued \(L^{\infty }\)-functions functions defined in a domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\), \(1\leq i,j\leq m\), \( 1\leq h,k\leq N\), and satisfying \(a_{ij}^{hk}(x)=\lambda (x)\delta _{ih}\delta _{jk}+\mu (x)(\delta _{ij}\delta _{hk}+\delta _{ik}\delta _{hj})\). The purpose of the paper is to prove the functional dissipativity of such a general system, that is to prove that \(\mathrm{Re}\int_{\Omega }\left\langle \mathcal{A}^{hk}\partial _{k}u,\partial _{h}\varphi (\left\vert u\right\vert u)\right\rangle dx\geq 0\), for any \(u\in (H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ))^{m}\), such that \(\varphi (\left\vert u\right\vert u)\in (H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ))^{m}\). Here \(\varphi \) is a positive function in \( C^{1}((0,+\infty ))\) satisfying: \((s\varphi (s))^{\prime }>0\) for any \(s>0\), the range of the strictly increasing function \(s\varphi (s)\) is \((0,+\infty ) \), and there exist two positive constants \(C_{1}\), \(C_{2}\) and a real number \( r>-1\) such that \(C_{1}s^{r}\leq (s\varphi (s))^{\prime }\leq C_{2}s^{r}\), on \((0,s_{0})\) for some positive \(s_{0}\). The authors also define a strict functional dissipative property if there exists \(\kappa >0\) such that \( \mathrm{Re}\int_{\Omega }\left\langle \mathcal{A}^{hk}\partial _{k}u,\partial _{h}\varphi (\left\vert u\right\vert u)\right\rangle dx\geq \kappa \int_{\Omega }\left\vert \nabla (\sqrt{\varphi (\left\vert u\right\vert )} u)\right\vert ^{2}dx\), for any \(u\in (H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ))^{m}\) such that \( \varphi (\left\vert u\right\vert u)\in (H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ))^{m}\). The main results of the paper prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator \(A\) to be dissipative or strict dissipative, especially in the 2D case. The authors specialize their results in the elasticity case, and the paper ends with two examples.