Bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients on irregular domains (Q2189550)

Let \(A\) be a complex uniformly elliptic \(d\times d\) matrix function on \(\mathbb{R}^d\) with \(L^{\infty}\) coefficients. For \(p\in [1,+\infty]\), define \[ \Delta_p(A):=\underset{x}{\mathrm{ess}\inf} \min\limits_{|\xi|=1}\Re\langle A(x)\xi, {\mathcal I}_{p}\xi\rangle_{{\mathbb C}^d}, \] where \({\mathcal I}_{p}\xi=\xi+(1-2/p)\overline{\xi}\), \(\xi\in{\mathbb C}^{d}\). Consider the divergence-form operator \({{\mathscr L}}^{A}=-\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)\). The operator \({{\mathscr L}}^{A}\) is called \(p\)-elliptic if \(\Delta_p(A)>0\). In the previous paper [``Convexity of power functions and bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1611.00653}], the authors prove the following bilinear inequality on \({\mathbb R}^d\) for any pair of \(p\)-elliptic operators \(A, B\): \[ \int\limits_0^\infty\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} |\nabla e^{-tA}f(x)|\,|\nabla e^{-tB}g(x)|\,\,dx\,dt\leq \frac{C}{\min\left\{{\Delta_p(A),\Delta_p(B)}\right\} } \|f\|_p \|g\|_q, q=\frac{p}{p-1}. \] The paper under review contains the proof of the bilinear inequality on arbitrary domains \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^d\). The authors do not impose any conditions on \(\Omega\), in particular, they not assume any regularity of \(\partial \Omega\), nor the existence of a Sobolev embedding. The possible irregularity of the domain has led to the need to use a special technique for proving the bilinear inequality. As a consequence, it is proved that the solution to the parabolic problem \(u'(t)+\mathcal{L}^Au(t)=f(t)\), \(u(0)=0\), has maximal regularity in \(L^p(\Omega)\), for all \(p>1\) such that \(A\) satisfies the \(p\)-ellipticity condition.