Bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients on irregular domains

Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) PDEs on infinite-dimensional (e.g., function) spaces (= PDEs in infinitely many variables) (35R15) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06)

Abstract: Let

O m e g a s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{d}

be open and

A

a complex uniformly strictly accretive

d i m e s d

matrix-valued function on

O m e g a

with

L^{i n f t y}

coefficients. Consider the divergence-form operator

{m a t h s c r L}^{A} = - m d i v (A a b l a)

with mixed boundary conditions on

O m e g a

. We extend the bilinear inequality that we proved in [16] in the special case when

O m e g a = m a t h b b R^{d}

. As a consequence, we obtain that the solution to the parabolic problem

u^{p r i m e} (t) + {m a t h s c r L}^{A} u (t) = f (t)

,

u (0) = 0

, has maximal regularity in

L^{p} (O m e g a)

, for all

p > 1

such that

A

satisfies the

p

-ellipticity condition that we introduced in [16]. This range of exponents is optimal for the class of operators we consider. We do not impose any conditions on

O m e g a

, in particular, we do not assume any regularity of

p a r t i a l O m e g a

, nor the existence of a Sobolev embedding. The methods of [16] do not apply directly to the present case and a new argument is needed.

Review text

Let \(A\) be a complex uniformly elliptic \(d\times d\) matrix function on \(\mathbb{R}^d\) with \(L^{\infty}\) coefficients. For \(p\in [1,+\infty]\), define \[ \Delta_p(A):=\underset{x}{\mathrm{ess}\inf} \min\limits_{|\xi|=1}\Re\langle A(x)\xi, {\mathcal I}_{p}\xi\rangle_{{\mathbb C}^d}, \] where \({\mathcal I}_{p}\xi=\xi+(1-2/p)\overline{\xi}\), \(\xi\in{\mathbb C}^{d}\). Consider the divergence-form operator \({{\mathscr L}}^{A}=-\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)\). The operator \({{\mathscr L}}^{A}\) is called \(p\)-elliptic if \(\Delta_p(A)>0\). In the previous paper [``Convexity of power functions and bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1611.00653}], the authors prove the following bilinear inequality on \({\mathbb R}^d\) for any pair of \(p\)-elliptic operators \(A, B\): \[ \int\limits_0^\infty\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} |\nabla e^{-tA}f(x)|\,|\nabla e^{-tB}g(x)|\,\,dx\,dt\leq \frac{C}{\min\left\{{\Delta_p(A),\Delta_p(B)}\right\} } \|f\|_p \|g\|_q, q=\frac{p}{p-1}. \] The paper under review contains the proof of the bilinear inequality on arbitrary domains \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^d\). The authors do not impose any conditions on \(\Omega\), in particular, they not assume any regularity of \(\partial \Omega\), nor the existence of a Sobolev embedding. The possible irregularity of the domain has led to the need to use a special technique for proving the bilinear inequality. As a consequence, it is proved that the solution to the parabolic problem \(u'(t)+\mathcal{L}^Au(t)=f(t)\), \(u(0)=0\), has maximal regularity in \(L^p(\Omega)\), for all \(p>1\) such that \(A\) satisfies the \(p\)-ellipticity condition.

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