Dimension-free \(L^p\) estimates for vectors of Riesz transforms associated with orthogonal expansions (Q1686235)

In the paper, the \(L^p\) bound of the form \[ \|\mathbf{R}f\|_{L^p(X,\mu)}\leq C(p^*-1)\|f\|_{L^p(X,\mu)}, \] \(1<p<\infty\), \(p^*=\max(p,p/(p-1))\), is proved for the vectorial Riesz transform \(\mathbf{R}f=(R_1,\ldots,R_df)\) in a general setting of a measure space \(X=X_1\times\ldots\times X_d\), \(\mu=\mu_1\otimes\ldots\otimes\mu_d\), where \(X_j\) is an open (possibly unbounded) interval in \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(d\mu_j(x_j)=w_j(x_j)\,dx_j\), \(w_j\in C^\infty(X_j)\) and \(w_j>0\), and \(R_j\) are generalized Riesz transforms \(R_j=\delta_jL^{-1/2}\), \(j=1,\ldots,d\). Here the `Laplacian' is \(L=\sum_{j=1}^dL_j\), where \(L_j=\delta_j^*\delta_j+a_j\), \(a_j\) is a nonnegative constant, \(\delta_j=p_j\partial_{x_j}+q_j\), \(p_j,q_j\in C^\infty(X_j)\) are real valued functions, \(p_j(x_j)\neq0\) for \(x_j\in X_j\), and \(\delta_j^*\) is a formal adjoint of \(\delta_j\) in \(L^2(X_j,\mu_j)\). In addition, some other (mild) technical assumptions on the objects entering the scene are imposed. It should be stressed that the constant \(C\) depends only on \(p_j, q_j, w_j,a_j\), \(j=1,\ldots,d\), and, as numerous examples show, may not depend on the dimension \(d\). The main ingredient in the proof of this bound is a so-called bilinear embedding theorem, together with a bilinear formula, for differential operators associated with general multidimensional orthogonal expansions. In the proof of these bilinear results a Bellman function technique is used. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to an application of the vectorial Riesz transform \(L^p\) bound to various concrete multidimensional orthogonal systems.