Proto-exact categories of modules over semirings and hyperrings (Q6169062)

\textit{Proto-exact categories} were introduced by \textit{T. Dyckerhoff} and \textit{M. Kapranov} [Higher Segal spaces. Cham: Springer (2019; Zbl 1459.18001)] as a generalization of Quillen exact categories [\textit{D. Quillen}, Lect. Notes Math. None, 85--147 (1973; Zbl 0292.18004)], providing a flexible framework for exact sequencces in non-additive categories. Several interesting combinatorial categories, such as the category of matroids [\textit{C. Eppolito} et al., Math. Z. 296, No. 1--2, 147--167 (2020; Zbl 1442.18017)] and the category of representations over a quiver over \(\mathbb{F}_{1}\) [\textit{M. Szczesny}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2012, No. 10, 2377--2404 (2012; Zbl 1288.14012); \textit{J. Jun} and \textit{A. Sistko}, ``Coefficient quivers, \(\mathbb{F}_{1}\)-representations, and Euler characteristics of quiver Grassmannians'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2112.06291}; Algebr. Represent. Theory 26, No. 1, 207--240 (2023; Zbl 1525.16011)], are equipped with a proto-exact structure. The principal objective in this paper is to enlarge the catalogue of non-additive proto-exact categories, showing that the categories of modules over semirings as well as hyperrings are so. Modules over an idempotent semiring are closely related to matroid theory [\textit{J. Giansiracusa} and \textit{N. Giansiracusa}, Manuscr. Math. 156, No. 1--2, 187--213 (2018; Zbl 1384.05063)] and modules over a hyperring have an interesting connection to finite incidence geometries [\textit{A. Connes} and \textit{C. Consani}, in: Casimir force, Casimir operators and Riemann hypothesis. Mathematics for innovation in industry and science. Proceedings of the conference, Fukuoka, Japan, November 9--13, 2009. Berlin: de Gruyter. 147--198 (2010; Zbl 1234.14002); \textit{J. Jun}, Commun. Algebra 46, No. 3, 942--960 (2018; Zbl 1419.20008)] and matroids [\textit{M. Baker} and \textit{N. Bowler}, Adv. Math. 343, 821--863 (2019; Zbl 1404.05022)]. The paper provides the following results. \begin{itemize} \item The category \(\mathrm{Mod}_{H}\) of modules over a semiring \(H\)\ is a proto-exact category (Theorem 3.14). \item The category \(\mathcal{L}\)\ of algebraic lattices is a proto-exact category (Theorem 4.15). \item The category \(\mathrm{Mod}_{R}\) of modules over a hyperring \(R\)\ is a proto-exact category (Theorem 5.11). \end{itemize}