The span of singular tuples of a tensor beyond the boundary format (Q6170818)

For every $i\in[k]$ we consider an $n_i$-dimensional vector space $V_i$ over the filed $\mathbb K=\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb K=\mathbb C$.We denote by $V$ the tensor product $\bigotimes_{i=1}^k V_i$. This is the space of tensors of format $\mathbb n=(n_1,\ldots,n_k)$. For a tensor $T\in V$ we define \[ Z_T:=\{[x_1\otimes\ldots\otimes x_k]\in\mathbb P(V) | (x_1,\ldots,x_k) \text{ is a singular }k\text{-tuple of }T. \] If $T\in V$ is sufficiently generic, then the variety $Z_T$ is zero-dimensional and consists of simple points. \textit{G. Ottaviani} and \textit{R. Paoletti} [Rend. Ist. Mat. Univ. Trieste 47, 107--125 (2015; Zbl 1345.15006)] introduced the critical space $H_T$ of a tensor $T$ as the linear subspace of $V$ defined by the equations (in the unknown $z_{i_1\ldots i_k}$) \[ \sum_{i_l\in[n_l]}(t_{i_1\ldots p\ldots i_k}z_{i_1\ldots q\ldots i_k}-t_{i_1\ldots q\ldots i_k}z_{i_1\ldots p\ldots i_k})=0 \] where $1\leq p<q\leq n_l$ and $l\in [k]$. The interesting thing is what is the relation between $H_T$ and $Z_T$. The paper study the projective span $\langle Z_T\rangle$ of the set $Z_T$. The first main results are the following facts. \begin{itemize} \item Let $T$ be a generic order $l+1$ tensor of format $(2,2,\ldots, l+2)$. Then the projective spac of singular $(l+1)$-tuples has dimension \[ \dim (\langle Z_T\rangle)=2^l(l+2)-(l+1)-\binom{l+2}{2}-\max\{0,(l-1)^l-(l-2)^l(l+2)\}. \] In particular $\langle Z_T\rangle=\mathbb P(H_T)$ for $l\geq 4$. \item Let $T$ be a generic order three tensor of format $(2,3,5)$. Then $\langle Z_T\rangle$ has either dimension $13$ or $14$ in $\mathbb P(V)\cong \mathbb P^{29}$. \item Let $T$ be a generic order three tensor of format $(2,3,6)$. Then $\langle Z_T\rangle$ has either dimension $13$ or $14$ in $\mathbb P(V)\cong \mathbb P^{35}$. \end{itemize} Then the authors compared $\langle Z_T\rangle$ with the critical space $H_T$ for the tensor formats $(2,2,n)$ and $(2,3,n)$. As a consequence they showed that $T\in\langle Z_T\rangle$ for order three tensor of format $(2,2,n)$, $n\geq 4$, $(2,3,n)$, $n\geq 5$ and $(l+1)$ order tensor of format $(2,\ldots, 2, l+2)$, $l\geq 4$. They confirmed numerically their results with Julia code for the computation of singular $k$-tuples for any tensor format.