Limiting profiles of two-component attractive Bose-Einstein condensates passing an obstacle (Q6171730)

The authors consider the following minimization problem: \[ e(a_1, a_2)= \inf \{ E_{a_1, a_2}(u_1, u_2): (u_1, u_2)\in \mathcal{X}, \int_\Omega u_1^2 d x = \int_\Omega u_2^2dx = 1\}, \] where \(a_1 > 0, a_2 >0\), \(\mathcal{X}\) is a suitable Sobolev space, \(\Omega = \mathbb{R}^2 \setminus \omega\) is an exterior domain, \(\omega\) is a bounded convex domain with smooth boundary, and \[ \begin{aligned} E_{a_1, a_2}(u_1, u_2) &:= \int_\Omega\big(|\nabla u_1|^2 + |\nabla u_2|^2\big)d x + \int_\Omega\big(V_1(x)u_1^2 + V_2(x)u_2^2\big)dx \\ & - \frac{1}{2}\int_\Omega\big(a_1u_1^4 + a_2u_2^4 - 2\beta u_1^2 u_2^2\big)d x, \ \ \beta > 0, \end{aligned} \] with \(V_i(x)> 0\) (\(i = 1, 2\)) being trapping potentials. When \(\Omega = \mathbb{R}^2\), the above minimization problem problem \(e(a_1, a_2)\) has been studied over the past few years. This paper focuses on the case that \(\Omega\) is an exterior domain and the trapped potentials only vanishes on the boundary. By the variational method and delicate analysis, the authors classify the existence of the minimizers for \(e(a_1, a_2)\) and establish explicitly the concentration rate of the minimizers.