Asymptotic solution of Bowen equation for perturbed potentials on shift spaces with countable states (Q6172322)

In this paper, the author studies the asymptotic expansions for the zero of the pressure function for perturbed potentials. Let \(E^\infty\) be a shift space with countable states, constructed from a directed graph with countably many vertices and edges (i.e., \(E^\infty\) consists of one-sided infinite directed paths in the graph, together with the shift map \(\sigma:E^\infty\to E^\infty\)). Throughout the paper, the author assumes \(E^\infty\) to be \emph{finitely irreducible}. This means that there exists a finite collection \(F\) of finite paths in the graph, so that any pair of edges can be connected by a path in \(F\) to form a new path of the graph. Let \(g(\varepsilon,\cdot), \psi(\varepsilon,\cdot):E^\infty\to\mathbb{R}\) be two real-valued functions with a small perturbation parameter \(\epsilon>0\). Assume \(\psi(\varepsilon,\cdot)>0\), and set \(\varphi(\varepsilon,\cdot)=\log|g(\varepsilon,\cdot)|\) and \(\xi(\varepsilon,\cdot)=\log\psi(\varepsilon,\cdot)\). Suppose we have the asymptotic expansions \begin{align*} g(\varepsilon,\cdot)&=g+g_1\varepsilon+\cdots+g_n\varepsilon^n+\tilde g_n(\varepsilon,\cdot)\varepsilon^n,\\ \psi(\varepsilon,\cdot)&=\psi+\psi_1\varepsilon+\cdots+g_n\varepsilon^n+\tilde\psi_n(\varepsilon,\cdot)\varepsilon^n, \end{align*} with \(\|\tilde g_n(\varepsilon,\cdot)\|_\infty,\|\tilde \psi_n(\varepsilon,\cdot)\|_\infty\to 0\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\). The author also gives a list of conditions these potential functions need to satisfy. Under these assumptions, the author proves that the solution \(s=s(\varepsilon)\) to the pressure equation \[ P(s\varphi(\epsilon,\cdot)+\xi(\varepsilon,\cdot))=p_0 \] with a fixed real number \(p_0\) also has asymptotic expansion \[s(\varepsilon)=s_0+s_1\varepsilon+\cdots+s_n\varepsilon^n+\tilde s_n(\varepsilon)\varepsilon^n.\] where \(\tilde s_n(\varepsilon)\to0\) as \(\varepsilon\to0\). Here \(P(f)\) denotes the topological pressure of a real-valued function \(f\) on \(E^\infty\). The author applies this result to study the asymptotic behavior of Hausdorff dimensions of the limit sets of perturbed graph-directed Markov systems (GDMS). Indeed, a theorem of \textit{M. Roy} and \textit{M. Urbański} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 25, No. 6, 1961--1983 (2005; Zbl 1147.37341)] shows that Bowen's formula holds in this setting: the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a GDMS is exactly the solution to a equation of the form \(P(s\log|g|)=0\) for some potential function \(g\). Under certain conditions, as a consequence of the main theorem, the author proves that the Hausdorff dimension of a perturbed GDMS has asymptotic expansion up to the order of that of the system. On the other hand, forgoing some of the conditions, the author gives a concrete example where the Hausdorff dimension has asymptotic expansion with strictly lower order than the system itself. Several examples of GDMS are studied in detail, including real and complex continued fractions, some concrete linear countable iterated function systems, and Kleinian groups of Schottky type.