Nonplanar ancient curve shortening flows in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) from grim reapers (Q6174832)

A solution to the mean curvature flow (MCF) is called an ancient solution if it has existed for all times in the past. There are a lot of ancient solutions of MCF in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), many of which arise as singularity models. In this paper, new nonplanar ancient solutions to the curve shortening flow in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) are constructed. In short, this construction is completed by attaching grim reapers in different planes along their ends. Moreover, by looking at the construction method in detail, the authors prove the main properties of the corresponding ancient solutions to the curve shortening flow.