Normal subsemigroups of finite transformation semigroups (Q6186653)

The conjugacy relation and the normal subgroups play an important role in group theory. These notions are linked by the fact that the normal subgroups of a group are precisely the subgroups that are closed under the group conjugacy. There have been several attempts to extend the notion of conjugacy to semigroups. For each semigroup conjugacy, we can define the normal subsemigroups of a semigroup with respect to that conjugacy. The author considers four notions of conjugacy (\(\sim^* _p, \sim_o, \sim_c,\) and \(\sim_\mathrm{n}\)) for semigroups, which have already appeared in the literature and the semigroups \(P_n\) of partial transformations, \(T_n\) of full transformations and \(\mathcal{I}_n\) of partial injective transformations on a finite set with \(n\) elements. The purpose of this paper is to describe the normal subsemigroups of \(P_n\), \(T_n\) and \(\mathcal{I}_n\), with respect to each of the conjugacies \(\sim^*_ p, \sim_o,\sim_c,\) and \(\sim_\mathrm{n}\), (with \(P_n\) in Section 2 (Theorems 2.9 and 2.10), with \(T_n\) in Section 3 (Theorem 3.1) and with \(\mathcal{I}_n\) in Section 4 (Theorem 4.3)).