On congruences of \({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal semigroups (Q803290)

Let X be a set and let \({\mathcal G}_ X\) denote the symmetric group on X. A semigroup S of transformations on X is said to be \({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal if it is invariant under conjugation by elements of \({\mathcal G}_ X\). The defect of a selfmap f of X is defined to be \(| X\setminus f[X]|\). In this paper, S is any \({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal semigroup of injective transformations with infinite defects. The authors completely describe the congruences on S and they show that the lattice, Con S, of all congruences on S is both semidistributive and distributive over distributive. The latter means that there is a congruence \(\mu\) on Con S such that (Con S)/\(\mu\) is distributive and each \(\mu\)-congruence class is a distributive lattice as well. They also obtain a number of additional results. For example, they describe both the cancellative congruences and the group congruences and they show that if \(\theta\) is any congruence on S such that S/\(\theta\) is isomorphic to S, then \(\theta\) is the diagonal. In other words, every epimorphism of S is an automorphism.