On congruences of G_ X-normal semigroups

\({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal semigroup cancellative congruences defects distributive lattice group congruences injective transformations lattice of congruences semigroup of transformations symmetric group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Structure and representation theory of distributive lattices (06D05) Subalgebras, congruence relations (08A30) Mappings of semigroups (20M15) Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc. (20M20)

Review text

Let X be a set and let \({\mathcal G}_ X\) denote the symmetric group on X. A semigroup S of transformations on X is said to be \({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal if it is invariant under conjugation by elements of \({\mathcal G}_ X\). The defect of a selfmap f of X is defined to be \(| X\setminus f[X]|\). In this paper, S is any \({\mathcal G}_ X\)-normal semigroup of injective transformations with infinite defects. The authors completely describe the congruences on S and they show that the lattice, Con S, of all congruences on S is both semidistributive and distributive over distributive. The latter means that there is a congruence \(\mu\) on Con S such that (Con S)/\(\mu\) is distributive and each \(\mu\)-congruence class is a distributive lattice as well. They also obtain a number of additional results. For example, they describe both the cancellative congruences and the group congruences and they show that if \(\theta\) is any congruence on S such that S/\(\theta\) is isomorphic to S, then \(\theta\) is the diagonal. In other words, every epimorphism of S is an automorphism.

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