Normal subsemigroups of finite transformation semigroups

DOI10.1007/S00233-023-10383-WMaRDI QIDQ6186653zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Janusz Konieczny

Publication date 9 January 2024

Published in Semigroup Forum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00233-023-10383-w

zbMATH Keywords

conjugacy functional digraphs normal subsemigroups semigroups transformations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Conjugacy classes for groups (20E45) Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc. (20M20)

Review text

The conjugacy relation and the normal subgroups play an important role in group theory. These notions are linked by the fact that the normal subgroups of a group are precisely the subgroups that are closed under the group conjugacy. There have been several attempts to extend the notion of conjugacy to semigroups. For each semigroup conjugacy, we can define the normal subsemigroups of a semigroup with respect to that conjugacy. The author considers four notions of conjugacy (\(\sim^* _p, \sim_o, \sim_c,\) and \(\sim_\mathrm{n}\)) for semigroups, which have already appeared in the literature and the semigroups \(P_n\) of partial transformations, \(T_n\) of full transformations and \(\mathcal{I}_n\) of partial injective transformations on a finite set with \(n\) elements. The purpose of this paper is to describe the normal subsemigroups of \(P_n\), \(T_n\) and \(\mathcal{I}_n\), with respect to each of the conjugacies \(\sim^*_ p, \sim_o,\sim_c,\) and \(\sim_\mathrm{n}\), (with \(P_n\) in Section 2 (Theorems 2.9 and 2.10), with \(T_n\) in Section 3 (Theorem 3.1) and with \(\mathcal{I}_n\) in Section 4 (Theorem 4.3)).

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