More quintic surfaces with 75 lines (Q618681)

A classical problem in algebraic geometry is the study of surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})\) with many lines. It is a classical result that a smooth cubic surface in \(\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})\) containes 27 lines and that a general smooth surface of degree \(n\geq 4\) contains no line. In 1943 \textit{B. Segre} [Q. J. Math., Oxf. Ser. 14, 86--96 (1943; Zbl 0063.06860)] gave the upper bound \((n-2)(11n-6)\) for lines on a smooth surface of degree \(n\) in \(\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})\) and proved that the maximal number on a quartic surface if \(64\). The problem of the number of lines on projective surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})\) can be studied from two directions: one can improve the upper bound or the lower bound by constructing surfaces with many lines. One series of examples is given by the Fermat's surfaces: \(x_0^n+x_1^n+x_2^n+x_3^n=0\). These contain \(3 n^2\) lines in particular for \(n=5\) we get \(75\). Until now they were the only known surfaces with as many lines. The author constructs exactly four more surfaces with the same number of lines. These belong to the family of surfaces which is determined by the \textit{Dwork pencil} of quintic in \(\mathbb{P}^4\): \(z_0^5+z_1^5+z_2^5+z_3^5+z_4^5-5tz_0z_1z_2z_3z_4=0\), \(t\in \mathbb{P}^1\), intersected with the hyperplane: \(z_0+z_1+z_2+z_3+z_4=0\). The author shows that each surface in the pencil contains 15 lines, he determines the four special surfaces containing 60 extra lines and the singular surfaces in the pencil. These surfaces, if they contain a finite number of singularities, contain only cusps and nodes.