On a smooth quartic surface containing 56 lines which is isomorphic as a \(K3\) surface to the Fermat quartic (Q527712)

The present paper deals with the Fermat quartic surface \[ X = \{x_0^4+x_1^4+x_2^4+x_3^4=0\}\subset\mathbb P^3, \] a central object in algebraic geometry since the (arithmetic) results of Weil and Tate. The authors concentrate on special geometric properties of \(X\) over any field \(k\) of characteristic \(\neq 2,3\) containing the eights roots of unity (mostly over \(\mathbb C\)). Notably \(X\) has two particular features: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(X\) contains exactly 48 lines (which, a crucial ingredient of the authors' techniques, indeed generate the full Néron-Severi group, at least when char\((k)\not\equiv -1\mod 4\)); \item[2.] as a \(K3\) surface, \(X\) admits other smooth models in \(\mathbb P^3\) which are not projectively equivalent (instances of this have been studied systematically by Oguiso in [Taiwanese J. Math. 21, No. 3, 671--688 (2017; Zbl 1391.14076)]). \end{itemize}} The starting point of the paper is a result of Degtyarev, Itenberg and Sertöz stating abstractly that \(X\) admits another smooth quartic model with many lines, namely 56 in number [\textit{A. Degtyarev} et al., Math. Ann. 368, No. 1--2, 753--809 (2017; Zbl 1368.14052)]. The authors show that \(X\) admits exactly 384 such polarizations over \(\mathbb C\). Then they work out an explicit such model \(X'\), or in fact two conjugate ones over \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-2})\), including the isomorphism between the models \(X\) and \(X'\). They also study the reductions of \(X'\) at the primes of \(\mathbb Z[\sqrt{-2}]\).