Projective models of the supersingular \(K3\) surface with Artin invariant 1 in characteristic 5 (Q2253016)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically-closed field of characteristic \(5\), and \(X\) be the supersingular \(K3\) surface over \(k\) with Artin invariant \(1\). The paper under review considers a classification of projective models of \(X\). It is known that \(X\) admits a polarization \(h_F\) which corresponds a \(2\)-to-\(1\) mapping \(X_F\to \mathbb{P}^2\) branching along the Fermat curve of degree \(6\) so that \(X\simeq X_F\). For positive integers \(d\in 2\mathbb{Z}\) and \(r\), define subsets \(\mathcal{P}_d\) and \(\mathcal{B}_r\) of the Néron-Severi lattice of \(X\): the former consists of degree-\(d\) polarizations of \(X\), and the latter vectors whose intersection numbers with \(h_F\) are at most \(r\). Thus each \(h\in\mathcal{P}_2\) determines a \(2\)-to-\(1\) mapping \(X_h\to \mathbb{P}^2\) branching along a curve \(B_h\) of degree \(6\). The main result of the article is to show that the intersection \(\mathcal{P}_2\cap \mathcal{B}_5\) is decomposed into \(65\) equivalence classes. The proof takes several steps by using the ample class \(h_F\), and by studying the representation of \(\text{Aut}(X, h_F)\); in particular, the generator of the Néron-Severi lattice of \(X\) is described as lines and curves on \(X_h\) for each polarization \(h\in\mathcal{P}_2\cap \mathcal{B}_5\). This investigation gives the defining polynomial and configuration of singularities of the branch locus \(B_h\) for each equivalence class. Moreover, for \(h, h'\in\mathcal{P}_2\cap \mathcal{B}_5\) in the different classes, an explicit birational morphism between projective models \(X_h\) and \(X_{h'}\) is obtained, with as a by-product, non-projective automorphisms of \(X\). The reviewer wonders if there exists the bound of \(r\) such that \(\mathcal{P}_2\cap \mathcal{B}_r\) is not empty, and what the difficulty is in classifying elements in \(\mathcal{P}_2\cap \mathcal{B}_r\) for \(r>5\).