On the asymptotic geometry of finite-type \(k\)-surfaces in three-dimensional hyperbolic space (Q6192278)

For \(0 < k < 1\), a finite-type \(k\)-surface in hyperbolic spaece \(\mathbb{H}^{3}\) is a pair \((S,e)\) where \(S\) is a smooth surface and \(e: S \rightarrow \mathbb{H}^{3}\) is a complete, smooth immersion of finite area and of constant extrinsic curvature equal to \(k\). Finite-type \(k\)-surfaces in \(\mathbb{H}^{3}\) are topologically finite with cusp-like ends; each cusp terminates in a well-defined point of \(\partial_{\infty}\mathbb{H}^{3}=\hat{\mathbb{C}}\), called its extremity, and, since cusps are not necessarily embedded, each cusp also has a well-defined positive integer-valued winding number. The space of finite-type \(k\)-surfaces is stratified by finite-dimensional complex manifolds, with each stratum locally parametrized by the extremities of the cusps. In particular, given a finite-type \(k\)-surface \((S, e)\) with extremities \(z_{1}, \dots z_{n}\), the tangent space of \(\hat{\mathbb{C}}^{n}\) at \((z_{1}, \dots, z_{n})\) naturally identifies with the tangent space of the stratum at \((S,e)\). The author also associates to every cusp a canonical complete geodesic in \(\mathbb{H}^{3}\), one of whose endpoint is the extremity of the cusp and the other is called Steiner point. The first result of the paper gives a nice relation satisfied by these objects: Theorem 1. For every finite-type \(k\)-surface \((S,e)\) in \(\mathbb{H}^{3}\) with extremities \(z_{1}, \dots z_{n}\), winding numbers \(m_{1}, \dots, m_{n}\) and Steiner points \(\zeta_{1}, \dots, \zeta_{n}\), we have \[ \sum_{j=1}^{n}m_{j}K[z_{j}, \zeta_{j}]=0 , \] where \(K[x,y]\) is the vector field on \(\hat{\mathbb{C}}\) defined by \[ K[x,y](z):=\frac{(z-x)(z-y)}{x-y}\partial_{z} \ . \] The second result of the paper proves a Schlafli type formula for finite-type \(k\)-surfaces in \(\mathbb{H}^{3}\). Indeed, for every finite-type \(k\)-surface \((S,e)\) it is possible to define a real-valued generalized volume \(\mathrm{Vol}[e]\). In addition, given any Busemann function \(h:\mathbb{H}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) with centre \(h_{\infty}\in \hat{\mathbb{C}}\), a finite-type \(k\)-surface \((S, e)\) is \(h\)-admissible whenever its extremities lie in \(\hat{\mathbb{C}}\setminus \{h_{\infty}\}\). Under this assumption, the author defines a renormalized energy \(\hat{E}[h,e]\) of the surface and then consider the quantity \[ \mathcal{E}_{k}[e,h]:=\hat{E}[h,e] - 2(1+k)\mathrm{Vol}[e] \ . \] Theorem 2. Let \(h: \mathbb{H}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be a Busemann function with centre \(h_{\infty}\in \hat{\mathbb{C}}\). For every \(h\)-admissible finite-type \(k\)-surface \((S,e)\) with extremities \(z_{1}, \dots, z_{n}\), winding numbers \(m_{1}, \dots, m_{n}\) and Steiner points \(\zeta_{1}, \dots, \zeta_{n}\) and for every tangent vector \(\overline{\xi}=(\xi_{1}, \dots, \xi_{n})\) to the stratum at \((S,e)\), the following holds \[ D\mathcal{E}_{k}[e,h]\overline{\xi} = 4\pi \sum_{j=1}^{n} m_{j}\mathrm{Re}(\lambda[h_{\infty}, \zeta_{j}](z_{j})\xi_{j}) \ , \] where \(\lambda[x,y]\) is the \(1\)-form defined on \(\hat{\mathbb{C}}\setminus \{x,y\}\) by \[ \lambda[x,y](z):= \frac{(y-x)dz}{(y-z)(x-z)} \ . \]