Multiplicity results for Hamiltonian systems with Neumann-type boundary conditions (Q6193418)

In this paper, based on the lower and upper solutions method and Szulkin critical point theorem, the authors prove some multiplicity results of solutions for Neumann-type boundary value problems associated with a four-dimensional Hamiltonian system \[ \begin{cases} x'=\partial_y H(t,x,y)+\varepsilon \partial_y P(t,x,y,u,v),\\ y'=-\partial_x H(t,x,y)-\varepsilon \partial_x P(t,x,y,u,v), \\ u'=f(t,v)+\varepsilon \partial_v P(t,x,y,u,v),\\ v'=g(t,u)-\varepsilon \partial_u P(t,x,y,u,v), \\ y(a)=0=y(b),\ v(a)=0=v(b),\\ \end{cases} \] where \(H:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}\), \(P:[a,b]\times \mathbb{R}^4\to \mathbb{R}\) are continuous functions, with continuous partial derivatives with respect to the variables \(x,y,u,v\); \(f:[a,b]\times \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) and \(g:[a,b]\times \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) are continuous, and \(\varepsilon\) is a small real parameter. Such a system can be seen as the weak coupling of two systems, the first of which has some periodicity properties in the Hamiltonian function, the second one presenting the existence of a well-ordered pair of lower/upper solutions. Then they extend the main result to higher dimensions and obtain the existence of at least \(M+1\) solutions to the related Neumann-type boundary value problem assuming either the existence of a pair of well-ordered vector valued lower/upper solutions or a Hartman-type condition.