The Weil-étale fundamental group of a number field. II (Q621391)

The author defines the fundamental group underlying the Weil-étale cohomology of number rings. This interesting paper is the continuation of the work by the author [``The Weil-étale fundamental group of a number field. I'', Kyushu J. Math. 65, No. 1, 101--140 (2011; Zbl 1226.14029)]. In this paper, the author presented and extended results of his dissertation of the subject of Weil-étale topos [Sur le topos Weil-étale d'un corps de nombres, L'université Bordeaux I, École Doctorale de Mathématiques et Informatique (2008)]. In the paper under review, the Weil-étale topos is defined as a refinement of the Weil-étale sites introduced by \textit{S. Lichtenbaum} [Ann. Math. (2) 170, No. 2, 657--683 (2009; Zbl 1278.14029)]. The author shows that his definition of the (small) Weil-étale topos of a smooth projective curve is equivalent to the natural definition. Then the Weil-étale fundamental group of an open subscheme of the spectrum of a number ring is defined. This fundamental group is a projective system of locally compact topological groups, which represents first degree cohomology with coefficients in locally compact abelian groups. The author applies this result to compute the Weil-étale cohomology in low degrees and to prove that the Weil-étale topos of a number ring satisfies the expected properties of the conjectural Lichtenbaum topos. Side by side with these the methods of the paper are inspired by the fundamental research of \textit{A. Grothendieck, M. Artin} and \textit{J. L. Verdier} [Théorie des Topos et cohomologie étale des schémas (SGA4). Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 269. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. (1972; Zbl 0234.00007), 270. (1972; Zbl 0237.00012), 305. (1973; Zbl 0245.00002)]. Contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Preliminaries. 3. The Weil-étale topos. 4. The Weil-étale fundamental group. 5. Weil-étale Cohomology with coefficients in \(\tilde{\mathbb{R}}\). 6. Consequences of the main result. Let \(Y\) be an open subscheme of a smooth projective curve over a finite field \(k,\) and let \(S_{et} (W_{k}, {\overline Y})\) be the topos of \(W_k\)-equivariant étale sheaves on the geometric curve \({\overline Y}= Y{\otimes}_k {\overline k}\). Theorem 1.1: There is an equivalence \(Y_W^{sm} \simeq S_{et} (W_k,\overline Y)\) where \(Y_W^{sm}\) is the (small) Weil-étale topos defined in this paper. For a connected étale \({\overline X}\)-scheme \({\overline U}\) author defines its Weil-étale topos as the slice topos \({\overline U}_W := {\overline X}_W/{\gamma}^* {\overline U}\). Let \(K\) be the number field corresponding to the generic point of \({\overline U}\), and let \(q_{\overline U} : \mathrm{Spec}({\overline K}) \to {\overline U} \) be a geometric point. Similarly to the definition of the étale fundamental group as a (strict) projective system of finite quotients of the Galois group \(G_K\), author defines the analogous (strict) projective system \( {\underline W}({\overline U}, q_{\overline U})\) of locally compact quotients of the Weil group \(W_K\) . Theorem 1.2: The Weil-étale topos \({\overline U}_W\) is connected and locally connected over the topos \(T\) of locally compact spaces. The geometric point \(q_{\overline U}\) defines a \(T-\)valued point \(p_{\overline U}\) of the topos \({\overline U}_W,\) and we have an isomorphism \(\pi_1 ({\overline U}_W, p_{\overline U } ) \simeq {\underline W}({\overline U}, q_{\overline U} )\) of topological pro-groups. The author's concepts are applied to obtain a new prove of the reciprocity law of class field theory. He also gives other related propositions and consequences too complicated for quotation here.