Remarks on Hardy spaces defined by non-smooth approximate identity (Q626165)

The author considers \(H^1_\varphi(\mathbb R^n)\) given by functions in \(L^1(\mathbb R^n)\) such that \(f^*_\varphi\in L^1(\mathbb R^n)\) where, as usual, \(f^*_\varphi(x)=\sup_{|y-x|<t}|f* \varphi_t(y)|\) but here \(\varphi\) is not assumed to be necessarily smooth, it is only required to belong to \(L^1(\mathbb R^n)\cap L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)\) with real values and \(\int_{\mathbb R^n}\varphi(x)\,dx\neq 0\). It is known that for any smooth function \(\varphi\) which decays at infinity fast enough the spaces \(H^1_\varphi\) coincide with the classical \(H^1\) spaces studied by Fefferman and Stein. The author shows that \(H^1\subset H^1_\varphi\) for functions \(\varphi\) with compact support such that \(\sum_{j\geq 1} w(j)<\infty\) where \[ w(j)= \sup_{x,t\geq 2^j} 2^{jn}t^{-n}\int_{|z|\leq 1} |\varphi(x-t^{-1}z)- \varphi(x)|\,dz. \] On the other hand, he shows that there exists \(\varphi\) with compact support such that \(w(j)\approx j^{-1}\) for which \(H^1_\varphi=\{0\}.\) It is also shown that the Besov space \(B^{0,1}_1 \subset H^1_\varphi\) whenever \(H^1_\varphi\neq \{0\}\). Finally, some functions \(\varphi\) are constructed verifying that the Daubechies wavelets belong to \(H^1_\varphi\) and, however, there exist functions in certain Triebel-Lizorkin spaces which do not belong to \(H^1_\varphi\) for such functions \(\varphi\).