Oriented tree diagram Lie algebras and their abelian ideals (Q627590)

An oriented tree diagram \({\mathcal T}^d\) is an oriented tree (a connected oriented graph without cycles) with \(\{1,\ldots,n\}\) as a set of nodes with positive integral weight \(d(j,k)\) on each edge \((j,k)\). In the paper under review the author introduces the notion of an oriented tree diagram Lie algebra \(L_1({\mathcal T}^d)\). This is the solvable Lie subalgebra of the associative algebra of differential operators in \(n\) variables \(\sum{\mathbb C}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]\partial_{x_1}^{m_1}\cdots\partial_{x_n}^{m_n}\) generated by \(\partial_{x_i},x_i\partial_{x_i}\) and \(x_j^{d(j,k)}\partial_{x_k}\), where \((j,k)\) are the oriented edges of \({\mathcal T}^d\). The algebras \(L_1({\mathcal T}^d)\) are partial cases of the tree diagram Lie algebras introduced in [\textit{X. Xu} and \textit{J. Lie} Theory 16, No. 4, 691--718 (2006; Zbl 1134.17005)]. The Borel subalgebras of special linear Lie algebras and symplectic Lie algebras are two familiar examples of oriented tree diagram Lie algebras. In the paper the author studies certain numerical invariants related to abelian ideals. First he gives relations between maximal abelian ideals and maximal abelian subalgebras, and establishes a conjugate theorem about these subalgebras in the case when \(d\equiv 1\). Further the author considers the algebras \(L_1({\mathcal T}^d)\) for particular trees which are natural generalizations of the Borel algebras for simple Lie algebras of type A and C. He enumerates the abelian ideals generalizing an unpublished result of Dale Peterson that the number of abelian ideals of a fixed Borel subalgebra is \(2^r\), where \(r\) is the rank of the corresponding simple Lie algebra.