Functions of normal operators under perturbations (Q633614)

A function \(f\) on the real line is said to be operator Lipschitz if there exists a constant \(c_f\) such that \(\| f(A)-f(B)\| \leq c_f\| A-B\|\) holds for arbitrary selfadjoint operators \(A\) and \(B\) on a Hilbert space. Some Lipschitz functions are operator Lipschitz, but not all. For instance, \(f(x)=|x|\) is an example of a Lipschitz function which is not operator Lipschitz. There are many papers related to operator Lipschitz functions. In the present article, several known result are generalized to the case of (not necessarily bounded) normal operators. For instance, one of the main theorems (Theorem 7.2) says the following. If \(f\) is a function which belongs to the Besov space \(B_{\infty 1}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^2)\), then \(\| f(N_1)-f(N_2)\| \leq \text{const}\, \| f\|_{B_{\infty 1}^{1}}\| N_1-N_2\|\) holds for arbitrary normal operators \(N_1\) and \(N_2\) whose difference \(N_1-N_2\) is a bounded operator. The proof relies on a new formula which expresses \(f(N_1)-f(N_2)\) in terms of double operator integrals (Theorem 5.2). Let \(\Lambda_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^2)\) be the class of all Hölder functions on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) of order \(0<\alpha <1\). It is proved (Theorem 8.1) that there exists a constant \(c\) such that, for every \(\alpha \in (0,1)\), for every \(f\in \Lambda_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^2)\), and for arbitrary normal operators \(N_1,\) \(N_2\), one has \(\| f(N_1)-f(N_2)\| \leq c(1-\alpha)^{-1}\| f\|_{\Lambda_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^2)}\| N_1-N_2\|^{\alpha}\). If \(f\in\Lambda_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^2)\) and \(N_1, N_2\) are normal operators such that \(N_1-N_2\) is in the Schatten-von Neumann class \(S_p\), then it is shown that \(f(N_1)-f(N_2)\in S_{p/\alpha}\), and a sharp estimate of the norm of the difference \(f(N_1)-f(N_2)\) is given. Actually, more general results of this type are proved. In the last section, estimates for quasicommutators \(f(N_1)R-Rf(N_2)\), where \(N_1, N_2\) are normal operators and \(R\) is an arbitrary operator, are obtained. Let us mention Theorem 10.3: there exists a positive constant \(c\) such that, for all normal operators \(N_1, N_2\), for every bounded operator \(R\), and for an arbitrary function \(f\in B_{\infty 1}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^2)\), one has \(\| f(N_1)R-Rf(N_2)\| \leq c\| f\|_{B_{\infty 1}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^2)} \max\{ \| N_1R-RN_2\|, \| N_{1}^{*}R-RN_{2}^{*}\| \}.\)