Kac-Moody groups and cluster algebras (Q635492)

This article can be regarded as the culmination of a deep, involved project of the authors, making significant progress in the understanding of Kac-Moody Lie algebras, cluster structures on Weyl group-indexed subgroups the of the unipotent group and the dual semicanonical basis. It is a wide generalisation of their earlier work on the Dynkin cases A, D and E [\textit{C. Geiss}, \textit{B. Leclerc} and \textit{J. Schröer}, Invent. Math. 165, No. 3, 589--632 (2006; Zbl 1167.16009)]. Fix a finite quiver \(Q\) with no oriented cycles. Let \(\Lambda=\Lambda_Q\) be the corresponding preprojective algebra (which may be infinite dimensional). Let \(W_Q\) be the Weyl group of \(Q\). For each element \(w\in W\), a Frobenius subcategory \(\mathcal{C}_w\) of the category \(nil(\Lambda)\) of all finite dimensional nilpotent representations of \(\Lambda\) was associated to \(w\) in [\textit{A. Buan, O. Iyama, I. Reiten} and \textit{J. Scott}, Compos. Math. 145, 1035--1079 (2009; Zbl 1181.18006)], where it was shown that the corresponding stable category, \(\underline{\mathcal{C}_w}\) is \(2\)-Calabi-Yau. These results were also discovered independently in [\textit{C. Geiss, B. Leclerc} and \textit{J. Schröer}, Cluster algebra structures and semicanonical bases for unipotent groups, Preprint \url{arXiv:math/0703039v4} [math.RT], (2007)], in the special case where \(w\) is adaptable. Each reduced expression \textbf{i} for \(w\) gives rise to corresponding maximal rigid \(\Lambda\)-module \(V_{\mathbf{i}}\). A cluster algebra \(\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{C}_w)\) is associated to \(\mathcal{C}_w\), with initial seed given by \(V_{\mathbf{i}}\) (for any choice of reduced expression \textbf{i}). It is shown that \(\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{C}_w)\) has a natural realisation as a certain subalgebra of the graded dual of \(U(\mathbf{n})\), where \textbf{n} is the positive part of the symmetric Kac-Moody Lie algebra \textbf{g} of the same type as \(\Lambda\). It is shown that all the cluster monomials lie in the dual of Lusztig's semicanonical basis of \(U(\mathbf{n})\) and that the intersection of the dual semicanonical basis with \(\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{C}_w)\) is a basis for \(\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{C}_w)\). It is further shown that \(\mathcal{A}(\mathcal{C}_w)\) is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of of the finite dimensional unipotent subgroup \(N(w)\) (associated to \(w\)) of the symmetric Kac-Moody group attached to \textbf{g}. It is also shown that inverting the generators of the coefficient ring gives rise to the algebra of regular functions on the unipotent cell associated to \(w\), solving a conjecture of \textit{A. Buan, O. Iyama, I. Reiten} and \textit{J. Scott} [loc. cit.]. Also interesting is that the endomorphism algebra of \(V_{\mathbf{i}}\) is shown to be quasihereditary, allowing a description of mutation of maximal rigid modules in \(\mathcal{C}_w\) in terms of \(\Delta\)-dimension vectors of corresponding modules over the endomorphism algebra. Another spin-off is a new categorification of every acyclic cluster algebra with a skew-symmetric exchange matrix and a certain choice of coefficients. This thorough, well-written paper covers a lot of ground and establishes very general strong, results, and is likely to be a standard reference in the future.