Connected and irreducible components in families (Q636831)

The author defines the notions of connected component and of irreducible component for an algebraic stack \(\mathcal{X}\) of finite presentation over a scheme \(S\) and proves representability theorems for the functors which to such a stack associate their connected or irreducible components. In a first time the author defines an open connected component of an algebraic stack \(\mathcal{X}\) of finite presentation over a scheme \(S\) to be an open substack \(\mathcal{C} \subset \mathcal{X}\), faithfully flat and of finite presentation over \(S\) such that for any geometric point \(s\) of \(S\), \(\mathcal{C}_s\) is a connected component of \(\mathcal{X}_s\), and he denotes by \(\pi_0 (\mathcal{X}/S)\) the functor which to any \(S\)-scheme \(T\) associates the set of all such substacks of \(\mathcal{X}_T\) over \(T\). He proves that if in addition the stacks \(\mathcal{X}\) above are flat with fibers geometrically reduced over \(S\), then such a functor is representable by an étale algebraic space, quasi-compact over \(S\), that can be expressed as the quotient of an algebraic stack by an étale equivalence relation. In the event that the fibers of \(\mathcal{X}\) are non-geometrically reduced, the author defines a relative closed connected component of \(\mathcal{X}\) over \(S\) to be a closed substack \(\mathcal{C} \subset \mathcal{X}\), flat, of finite presentation over \(S\) such for any geometric point \(s\) of \(S\) the support of \(\mathcal{C}_s\) is a connected component of \(\mathcal{X}_s\) and he denotes by \(\pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}}\) the functor of all such closed substacks of \(\mathcal{X}\) over \(S\). Further, for \(\mathcal{C}\) such a substack of \(\mathcal{X}\), it is said to be reduced if its fibers are geometrically reduced and he denotes by \(\pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{r}}\) the corresponding functor. Then \(\pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}}\) is representable by a formal algebraic space, locally of finite presentation and separated over \(S\) and \(\pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{r}}\) is representable by a quasi-finite, separated formal scheme over \(S\). If it turns out \(\mathcal{X}\) is an algebraic stack of finite presentation, flat over \(S\) with geometrically reduced fibers, then M. Romagny proves \(\pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}} = \pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{r}} \subset \pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)\). If in addition \(\mathcal{X}\) is proper and \(\mathcal{X} \rightarrow \text{St}(\mathcal{X}/S) \rightarrow S\) is the Stein factorization, then we have isomorphisms \(\text{St}(\mathcal{X}/S) \simeq \pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}} = \pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)\). In the same manner that the author discusses connected components he also tackles irreducible components: for \(\mathcal{X}\) an algebraic stack of finite presentation and with geometrically reduced fibers over a scheme \(S\), M. Romagny defines an open irreducible component of \(\mathcal{X}\) over \(S\) to be an open substack \(\mathcal{I} \subset \mathcal{X}\), faithfully flat and of finite presentation over \(S\) such that for any geometric point \(s\) of \(S\) \(\mathcal{I}_s\) is an open irreducible component of \(\mathcal{X}_s\). He denotes by \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)\) the functor that associates to an \(S\)-scheme \(T\) the set of open irreducible components of \(\mathcal{X}_T\) over \(T\). He proves that if in addition \(\mathcal{X}\) above is flat then \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)\) is representable by an étale and quasi-compact algebraic space over \(S\), quotient of an algebraic stack by an étale equivalence relation and there is a surjective morphism \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S) \rightarrow \pi_0(\mathcal{X}/S)\). In the event that \(\mathcal{X}\) is with fibers non-geometrically reduced, M. Romagny defines the notion of relative closed irreducible components of \(\mathcal{X}\) of finite presentation over \(S\) as a closed substack \(\mathcal{I} \subset \mathcal{X}\), flat of finite presentation over \(S\) such that the support for \(\mathcal{I}_s\) is an irreducible component of \(\mathcal{X}_s\) for any geometric point \(s\) of \(S\) and he denotes by \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}}\) the functor of such closed substacks of \(\mathcal{X}\) over \(S\). If in addition \(\mathcal{X}\) is flat, with fibers geometrically reduced, there is a monomorphism of functors \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{f}} \hookrightarrow \text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)\). Further if \(\mathcal{X}\) is proper, \(\text{Irr}(\mathcal{X}/S)^{\mathfrak{r}}\) is an étale separated scheme.