Some remarks on multilinear exponential sums with an application (Q643535)

Let \(\mathbb F_p\) be the prime field with multiplicative subgroup denoted by \(\mathbb F_p^*\). Then a well-known estimate (Vinogradov) for the double exponential sums is the following upper bound \[ \Bigl| \sum_{x\in X, y\in Y} e(xy)\Bigr| <\sqrt{p| X|\,| Y|}. \tag{0.1} \] \textit{A. Sárközy} [Acta Arith. 118, 403--409 (2005; Zbl 1078.11011)] applied (0.1) to prove that for \(A,B,C,D\in \mathbb F_p\) the equation \(a + b = cd\), \((a, b, c, d)\in A\times B\times C\times D\) has a solution, provided \(| A|\,| B|\,| C|\, | D| > p^3\). Recently, \textit{J. Bourgain} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 18(2008), No. 5, 1477--1502 (2009; Zbl 1162.11043)] proved a strong generalization of (0.1) by obtaining the following. Theorem 1. There is a constant \(C>1\) such that for every \(0 <\delta <1\) and \(r\in \mathbb N\), \(r > C/\delta\), if \(A_1,A_2,\ldots,A_r\subseteq \mathbb F_p, | A_i|> p^\delta\) for \(1\leq i\leq r\), \(p\) is a prime which is large enough, then \[ \Bigl| \sum_{x_1\in A_1,\ldots,x_r\in A_r} e(x_1x_2\cdots x_r)\Bigr| < p^{-\delta'} | A_1|\,| A_2|\, | A_r| \] where \(\delta' > C^{-r}\). Now in this paper the author shows that under some restriction for three sets of the collection of \(A_1,A_2\ldots,A_r\) one can obtain an explicit \(\delta'\) depending only on the ratio of the cardinalities of these given three sets. For this he improves a result of Sárközy.