Grassmann geometry on the 3-dimensional unimodular Lie groups. II. (Q643707)

Let \(G\) be a \(3\)-dimensional unimodular Lie group with its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) and a left-invariant metric \(g\) on \(G\). The Riemannian metric \(g\) induces an inner product on \(\mathfrak{g}\), where \(\mathfrak{g}\) is identified with the tangent space \(T_eG\) at the unit element \(e\) of \(G\). It is known that such a Lie group \(G\) is locally isomorphic to either the unitary group \(\text{SU}(2)\), or the special linear group \(\text{SL}(2,\mathbb R)\), or the group \(\mathbb E(2)\) of rigid motions of the Euclidean \(2\)-plane, or the group \(\text{E}(1,1)\) of rigid motions of the Minkowski \(2\)-plane, or the \(3\)-dimensional Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H_3\), or the \(3\)-dimensional real vector group \(\mathbb R^3\). In this paper, the authors study the Grassmann geometry of such a Riemannian homogeneous manifold \((M,g)\). Let \(\text{I}_0(M,g)\) be the identity component of the isometry group of \((M,g)\), and, for an integer \(r\), let \(\text{Gr}^r(TM)\) be the Grassmann bundle over \(M\) consisting of all \(r\)-dimensional linear subspaces of the tangent spaces of \(M\). The Lie group \(\text{I}_0(M,g)\) acts naturally on \(\text{Gr}^r(TM)\) by the differential of mappings. For an \(\text{I}_0(M,g)\)-orbit \(\mathcal{O}\), a connected submanifold \(S\) of \(M\) is called an \(\mathcal{O}\)-submanifold if all tangent spaces of \(S\) belong to \(\mathcal{O}\), and the geometry of \(\mathcal{O}\)-submanifolds is called the \(\mathcal{O}\)-geometry on \((M,g)\). The typical problems in Grassmann geometry are to determine whether a certain \(\mathcal{O}\)-geometry is empty or not and to find some canonical \(\mathcal{O}\)-submanifolds, such as totally geodesic submanifolds, minimal submanifolds, submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector. In Part I of this paper [Hokkaido Math. J. 38, No.~3, 427--496 (2009; Zbl 1214.53016)], the authors considered the case in which \((M,g)\) is a three-dimensional unimodular Lie group with a left-invariant metric and studied the \({\mathcal O}\)-surfaces in Lie groups for which the Lie algebra is either \(\mathfrak{su}(2)\) or \(\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb R)\). In particular, totally geodesic \(\mathcal{O}\)-surfaces, flat \({\mathcal O}\)-surfaces and \({\mathcal O}\)-surfaces with constant mean curvature were considered. In both cases, a distinction is needed depending on whether the isotropy subgroups are trivial or isomorphic to \(\text{SO}(2)\). The only case that remained to be considered was the existence of constant mean curvature \(\mathcal O\)-surfaces in the case of the algebra \(\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb R)\) and the isotropy type \(\roman{SO}(2)\). This problem is solved in this paper.