Stieltjes functions and Hurwitz stable entire functions (Q644433)

Stable polynomials are polynomials which have roots only in the open left half-plane \(\{z: \mathrm{Re}z >0\}\). Generalizing this concept the author introduces a stability concept for entire functions; cf. [\textit{L. de Branges}, Hilbert spaces of entire functions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. (1968, Zbl 0157.43301)]. An entire function \(\Phi\) is called Hurwitz stable if \(\limsup_{z\to\infty} |z|^{-1} \ln |\Phi(z)|<\infty\), and \(\Phi\) satisfies the following conditions: 1. All roots \(\Phi(z)\) lie in the open left half-plane. 2. \(h_\Phi(0)\geq h_\Phi(\pi)\), where \(h_\Phi\) is the indicator of \(\Phi\), i.e., \(h_\phi(\theta)=\limsup_{r\to+\infty}r^{-1} \ln |\Phi(re^{i\theta})|\). The Stieltjes classes \(S\) and \(S^{-1}\) are defined as follows: Let \(\psi\) be a function holomorphic in \(\mathbb{C} \setminus (-\infty, 0]\). Then \(\psi\in S\) if \(\psi\) satisfies the conditions \(\psi(x)>0\) for \(0<x<\infty\) and \(\mathrm{Im} \psi(z)\leq 0\) for \(\mathrm{Im} z \geq 0\). Similarly, \(\psi\in S^{-1}\) if \(\psi\) satisfies the conditions \(\psi(x)>0\) for \(0<x<\infty\) and \(\mathrm{Im} \psi(z)\geq 0\) for \(\mathrm{Im} z \geq 0\). Note that \(\psi \in S\cap S^{-1}\) if and only if \(\psi\) is constant. Define \(\psi(0)=\lim_{t\to 0+} \psi(t)\). The limit exists, because \(\psi(t)\) is monotone on \((0, +\infty)\). For \(a\geq 0\) and \(b>0\), the functions of the form \(\psi(z)=a+\frac bz\), \(\psi\in S\), and \(\psi(z)=a+bz\), \(\psi\in S^{-1}\), are called special functions. Any non-constant function belonging to a Stieltjes class (either \(S\) or \(S^{-1}\)), that is not special is called generic. Integral representations and other basic results on Stietjes classes can be found in the paper by \textit{I. S. Kac} and \textit{M. G. Krein} [Am. Math. Soc., Translat., II. Ser. 103, 1--18 (1974; Zbl 0291.34016)]. In the paper under review two approaches to construct Hurwitz stable entire functions are presented. The main result is Theorem 2: Let \(F\) be an entire function from the Laguerre-Polýa class, \(F(0)\neq 0\), represented by the Taylor series \(F(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty f_z z^k\). 1. Given a generic function \(\psi\in S\), let the function \(F_\psi\) be defined as the sum of the series \(F_\psi(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \psi(k+1)f_k z^k\). Then \(F_\psi\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. 2. Given a generic function \(\psi\in S^{-1}\), let the function \(F_\psi^{-}\) be defined as the sum of the series \(F_\psi^{-}(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \psi(k)f_k z^k\). (a) If \(\psi(0)\neq 0\), then \(F_\psi\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. (b) If \(\psi(0)= 0\), then \(F_\psi\) has a simple root at \(z=0\) and \(z^{-1} F_\psi^-(z)\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. Theorem 1 is a special case of Theorem 2 corresponding to the choice \(F(z)=e^z\). Theorem 1, however, is used in the proof of Theorem 2.