Stieltjes functions and Hurwitz stable entire functions

DOI10.1007/S11785-011-0146-1MaRDI QIDQ644433zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 4 November 2011

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0118

Laguerre-Polya class Polya-Schur composition theorem Routh-Hurwitz criterium stable entire functions stable polynomials Stieltjes classes of holomorphic functions Stieltjes moment problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Special classes of entire functions of one complex variable and growth estimates (30D15) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80) Stability problems in rigid body dynamics (70E50)

Abstract: The concept of stability, originally introduced for polynomials, will be extended to apply to the class of entire functions. This generalization will be called Hurwitz stablility and the class of Hurwitz stable functions will serve as the main focus of this paper. A first theorem will show how, given a function of either of the Stieltjes classes, a Hurwitz stable function might be constructed. A second approach to constructing Hurwitz stable functions, based on using additional functions from the Laguerre-P'{o}lya class, will be presented in a second theorem.

Review text

Stable polynomials are polynomials which have roots only in the open left half-plane \(\{z: \mathrm{Re}z >0\}\). Generalizing this concept the author introduces a stability concept for entire functions; cf. [\textit{L. de Branges}, Hilbert spaces of entire functions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. (1968, Zbl 0157.43301)]. An entire function \(\Phi\) is called Hurwitz stable if \(\limsup_{z\to\infty} |z|^{-1} \ln |\Phi(z)|<\infty\), and \(\Phi\) satisfies the following conditions: 1. All roots \(\Phi(z)\) lie in the open left half-plane. 2. \(h_\Phi(0)\geq h_\Phi(\pi)\), where \(h_\Phi\) is the indicator of \(\Phi\), i.e., \(h_\phi(\theta)=\limsup_{r\to+\infty}r^{-1} \ln |\Phi(re^{i\theta})|\). The Stieltjes classes \(S\) and \(S^{-1}\) are defined as follows: Let \(\psi\) be a function holomorphic in \(\mathbb{C} \setminus (-\infty, 0]\). Then \(\psi\in S\) if \(\psi\) satisfies the conditions \(\psi(x)>0\) for \(0<x<\infty\) and \(\mathrm{Im} \psi(z)\leq 0\) for \(\mathrm{Im} z \geq 0\). Similarly, \(\psi\in S^{-1}\) if \(\psi\) satisfies the conditions \(\psi(x)>0\) for \(0<x<\infty\) and \(\mathrm{Im} \psi(z)\geq 0\) for \(\mathrm{Im} z \geq 0\). Note that \(\psi \in S\cap S^{-1}\) if and only if \(\psi\) is constant. Define \(\psi(0)=\lim_{t\to 0+} \psi(t)\). The limit exists, because \(\psi(t)\) is monotone on \((0, +\infty)\). For \(a\geq 0\) and \(b>0\), the functions of the form \(\psi(z)=a+\frac bz\), \(\psi\in S\), and \(\psi(z)=a+bz\), \(\psi\in S^{-1}\), are called special functions. Any non-constant function belonging to a Stieltjes class (either \(S\) or \(S^{-1}\)), that is not special is called generic. Integral representations and other basic results on Stietjes classes can be found in the paper by \textit{I. S. Kac} and \textit{M. G. Krein} [Am. Math. Soc., Translat., II. Ser. 103, 1--18 (1974; Zbl 0291.34016)]. In the paper under review two approaches to construct Hurwitz stable entire functions are presented. The main result is Theorem 2: Let \(F\) be an entire function from the Laguerre-Polýa class, \(F(0)\neq 0\), represented by the Taylor series \(F(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty f_z z^k\). 1. Given a generic function \(\psi\in S\), let the function \(F_\psi\) be defined as the sum of the series \(F_\psi(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \psi(k+1)f_k z^k\). Then \(F_\psi\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. 2. Given a generic function \(\psi\in S^{-1}\), let the function \(F_\psi^{-}\) be defined as the sum of the series \(F_\psi^{-}(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \psi(k)f_k z^k\). (a) If \(\psi(0)\neq 0\), then \(F_\psi\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. (b) If \(\psi(0)= 0\), then \(F_\psi\) has a simple root at \(z=0\) and \(z^{-1} F_\psi^-(z)\) is a Hurwitz stable entire function. Theorem 1 is a special case of Theorem 2 corresponding to the choice \(F(z)=e^z\). Theorem 1, however, is used in the proof of Theorem 2.

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