Commutative \(C^*\)-algebras of Toeplitz operators on complex projective spaces (Q649055)

The authors of the present paper continue their investigation (indeed construction) of commutative C\(^*\)-algebras of Toeplitz operators, this time in the setting of the complex projective \(n\)-space \(P^n(\mathbb{C})\), equipped with the Fubini-Study metric. Their construction is based on quantization, so let us briefly give an outline of the setup. Let \(T=\{([w],z)\in P^n(\mathbb{C})\times\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\,:\,z\in\mathbb{C}w\}\) denote the tautological line bundle which assigns to every point in \(P^n(\mathbb{C})\) the line \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) that it represents. \(T\) is a holomorphic line bundle and it carries a natural Hermitian metric \(h_0\) induced from the standard inner product on \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\). Its dual bundle \(H=T^*\) with metric \(h\) dual to \(h_0\) is then a quantum line bundle over \(P^n(\mathbb{C})\). For every positive integer \(m\), consider the probability measure \[ d\nu_m(z)=\frac{(n+m)!}{\pi^nm!}\frac{dx_1\wedge dy_1\wedge\cdots\wedge dx_n\wedge dy_n}{(1+| z_1|^2+\cdots+| z_n|^2)^{n+m+1}} \] on \(P^n(\mathbb{C})\). Let \(L^2(P^n(\mathbb{C}),H^m)\) denote the \(L^2\)-completion (with respect to \(d\nu_m\)) of the space of sections \(\Gamma(P^n(\mathbb{C}),H^m)\). As the authors explain, one may then consider the \textit{finite-dimensional} weighted Bergman spaces \(\mathcal{A}^2_m(P^n(\mathbb{C}))\) consisting of holomorphic \(L^2\)-sections in the \(m\)-fold product bundle \(H^m\) over the compact space \(P^n(\mathbb{C})\). It turns out that \(\mathcal{A}^2_m(P^m(\mathbb{C}))\) is simply the space of polynomials on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) of degree at most \(m\), so the orthogonal projection from \(L^2\) onto this space has a simple and familiar description. Consider polar coordinates \(z_j=t_jr_j\), where \(t_j\in\mathbb{T}\) and \(r_j>0\). Then \(\mathbb{C}^n=\mathbb{T}^n\times \mathbb{R}_+^n\) with compatible identifications of measures. Let \(J_n(m)=\{p\in\mathbb{Z}_+^n\,:\,| p|\leq m\}\). A direct calculation reveals that \(\langle z^p,z^p \rangle_m=\frac{p!(m-| p|)!}{m!}\), and \(\langle z^p,z^q \rangle_m=0\) for \(p,q\in J_n(m)\), \(p\neq q\), so an orthonormal basis for \(\mathcal{A}^2_m(P^n(\mathbb{C}))\) is given by \[ \left\{\left(\frac{m!}{p!(m-| p|)!}\right)^{1/2}z^p\,:\, p\in J_n(m)\right\}. \] The adjoint of the isometric embedding \[ R_0:\ell_2(J_n(m))\to \ell_2(\mathbb{Z}^n)\otimes L_2(\mathbb{R}_+^n,\nu_m),\quad \{c_p\}_{p\in J_n(m)}\mapsto c_p(r), \] with \(c_p(r)=\langle z^p,z^p \rangle_m^{-1/2}c_pr^p\) for \(p\in J_n(m)\) (and zero otherwise), can easily be computed, and the authors show that \(R:=R_0^*U\) (with \(U=\mathcal{F}_{(n)}\otimes I:L_2(\mathbb{T}^n)\otimes L_2(\mathbb{R}_+^n,\nu_m)\to \ell_2(\mathbb{Z}^n)\otimes L_2(\mathbb{R}_+^n,\nu_m)\) being unitary) maps \(L_2(P^n(\mathbb{C}),\nu_m)\) onto \(\ell_2(J_n(m))\) and restricts to an isometric isomorphism \(\mathcal{A}_m^2\simeq \ell_2(J_n(m))\). The two main results of the paper may now finally be stated. \textbf{Theorem}. Let \(a\) be a bounded measurable radial function, i.e., \(a(z)=a(r)\), meaning that \(a\) only depends on the radial components of \(\mathbb{C}^n\ni z=(t,r)\). Then the associated Toeplitz operator \(T_a\) acting on \(\mathcal{A}^2_m(P^n(\mathbb{C}))\) is unitarily equivalent to the multiplication operator \(\gamma_{a,m}I=RT_aR^*\) acting on \(\ell_2(J_n(m))\). The sequence \(\gamma_{a,m}=\{\gamma_{a,m}(p)\}_{p\in J_n(m)}\) is explicitly given by \[ \gamma_{a,m}(p)=\frac{2^nm!}{p!(m-| p|)!} \int_{\mathbb{R}_+^n} \frac{a(r_1,\ldots,r_n)r_1^{2p_1+1}\cdots r_n^{2p_n+1}\,dr_1\cdots dr_n}{(1+r_1^2+\cdots+r_n^2)^{n+m+1}}. \] \textbf{Corollary}. The Toeplitz operator \(T_a\) with bounded measurable separately radial symbol \(a(r)\) is diagonal with respect to the orthonormal basis described above. More precisely, \[ T_a\left(\left(\frac{m!}{p!(m-| p|)!}\right)^{1/2}z^p\right)=\gamma_{a,m}(p)\left(\frac{m!}{p!(m-| p|)!}\right)^{1/2}z^p \] for all \(p\in J_n(m)\). In other words, the C\(^*\)-algebra of Toeplitz operators \(T_a\) with \(a\) radial and acting on a weighted Bergman space \(\mathcal{A}_m^2(P^n(\mathbb{C}))\) is abelian. The final section in the paper is devoted to a more geometric description of these C\(^*\)-algebras; they carry an associated pair of Lagrangian foliations with special geometric properties, but we shall not go into details.