Algebraicity of the Appell-Lauricella and Horn hypergeometric functions (Q649769)

The Lauricella functions and the Horn series are the most well-known generalizations to hypergeometric functions in several variables. A Horn series is a series \(\sum_{\underline{m} \in \mathbb{N}^n} c(\underline{m}) \underline{z}^{\underline{m}}\) such that all \(f_i(\underline{m}) = \frac{c(\underline{m}+\underline{e}_i)}{c(\underline{m})}\) are rational functions in \(\underline{m}\). Here \(\underline{z}^{\underline{m}} = z_1^{m_1} \ldots z_n^{m_n}\) and \(\underline{e}_i\) is the \(i\)th standard basis vector. The 14 complete Horn series are the series in two variables for which the numerator and the denominator of all \(f_i\) have degree exactly 2. Four of these are the Appell series \(F_1\), \(F_2\), \(F_3\) and \(F_4\). These can easily be generalized to any number of variables, which gives the Lauricella functions \(F_D\), \(F_A\), \(F_B\) and \(F_C\). In 1873, \textit{H. A. Schwarz} [``Über ebene algebraische Isothermen, J. Reine Angew. Math. 77, 38--46 (1873; JFM 06.0249.04)] found a list of all irreducible algebraic Gauss functions. Irreducible means that the monodromy group acts irreducibly. In this paper the parameter values are determined for which the 4 classes of Appell-Lauricella functions in several variables and the 14 complete Horn functions in two variables are non-resonant algebraic functions. Non-resonance is a condition that is almost equivalent to irreducibility. Moreover, this gives an example of a family of functions such that for any number of variables there are finitely many algebraic functions, namely the Lauricella \(F_C\) functions.