Newton diagrams, odd points, and the index of singular points of planar vector fields (Q650495)

Any discrete topological invariant attains the same value at almost all members of a family of complex analytic objects. However, this is not true in the real analytic case; in particular, topological invariants of almost all complex analytic germs with the same Newton diagram are the same, however, in the real setting, they somehow depend on topological invariants of restrictions of the germ to the bounded faces of the Newton diagram. The authors compute the Poincaré-Hopf index of a germ of a real analytic plane vector field in terms of the Cauchy indices of its restrictions to the bounded edges of its Newton diagrams. This, in particular, allows to characterize some classes of Newton diagrams, for which almost all germs of vector fields have an odd or, on the contrary, zero Poincaré-Hopf index. Other results in this direction can be found in [\textit{C. Bivià-Ausina}, Fundam. Math. 177, No. 3, 251--267 (2003; Zbl 1057.32011)] and [\textit{A. Esterov}, Mosc. Univ. Math. Bull. 58, No. 1, 7--11 (2003; Zbl 1052.58039)].