Group graded algebras and almost polynomial growth. (Q653385)

Let \(A\) be an associative algebra over a field \(F\) of characteristic zero graded by a finite Abelian group \(G\). Graded polynomials and graded polynomial identities are defined in a natural way. An effective way of measuring the graded polynomial identities satisfied by \(A\) is a study of the asymptotic behavior of its sequence of \(G\)-codimensions \(c_n^G(n)\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), [see e.g. \textit{A. Giambruno} and \textit{M. Zaicev}, Polynomial identities and asymptotic methods. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs 122. Providence: AMS (2005; Zbl 1105.16001)]. A variety \(\mathcal V\) is called of `almost polynomial growth' if \(c_n^G(\mathcal V)\) is not polynomially bounded but every proper subvariety of \(\mathcal V\) has polynomial growth. As a main result the author classifies the varieties of \(G\)-graded algebras having almost polynomial growth. Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic 0, \(G\) a finite Abelian group and \(A\) a \(G\)-graded algebra. Then \(A\) generates a variety of \(G\)-graded algebras of almost polynomial codimension growth if and only if \(A\) has the same graded identities as one of the following algebras: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1)]\(FC_p\), the group algebra over \(F\) of a cyclic group of order \(p\), where \(p\) is a prime number and \(p\) divides \(|G|\); \item[2)]\(UT_2^G(F)\), the algebra of \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices over \(F\) endowed with an elementary \(G\)-grading induced by a pair of elements of \(G\); \item[3)]\(E\), the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra with trivial \(G\)-grading; \item[4)]in case \(2\) divides \(|G|\), \(E^{\mathbb Z_2}\), the Grassmann algebra with canonical \(\mathbb Z_2\)-grading. \end{itemize}}