Geometry of Painlevé equations. Paper from the 34th Brazilian mathematics colloquium -- 34{\degree} Colóquio Brasileiro de Matemática, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Juli 2023 (Q6536098)

In this paper, the author studies the Painlevé VI equation using a geometrical approach. In particular, in order to explain how the sixth Painlevé equation arises as isomonodromic deformations of a flat logarithmic conection of rank 2, he establishes the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence between moduli spaces of holomorphic and logarithmic connections and moduli spaces of monodromy representations. Then using the correspondence between the Painlevé VI equation and the isomonodromic deformations of a rank 2 system with 4 poles on the Riemann sphere the author shows why the sixth Painlevé equation satisfies the Painlevé property. He also defines a non-linear monodromy representation of the Painlevé VI equation as the action of a mapping group on the character variety and shows how this representation can be used to classify all special Riccati and algebraic solutions.