Steady-state bifurcation in Previte-Hoffman model (Q6537627)

The authors study the steady state of the \textit{J. P. Previte} and \textit{K. A. Hoffman} model [SIAM Rev. 55, No. 3, 523--546 (2013; Zbl 1272.92054)] with diffusion and prey-taxis,\N\begin{align*}\Nu_t&=d_1\Delta u+u(1-bu-v-w)\\\Nv_t&=d_2\Delta v+v(u-c)\\\Nw_t&=d_3\Delta w-\nabla\cdot(\chi w\nabla u)+ew(\alpha u+\beta v-rw-1) \ \mbox{in \(\Omega\times (0,T)\)}\N\end{align*}\Nwith\N\[\N\left. \frac{\partial}{\partial \nu}(u,v,w)\right\vert_{\partial \Omega}=0, \ \left. (u,v,w)\right\vert_{t=0}=(u_0(x), v_0(x), w_0(x))\geq 0,\N\]\Nwhere \(u\), \(v\), \(w\) stand for the prey, predator, and predator which scavenges \(v\), respectively, and \(\Omega=(0,L)\). There is a unique spatially homogeneous stationary state \(E=(u_\ast, v_\ast, w_\ast)\) defined by\N\[\Nu_\ast=c, \ v_\ast=\frac{r+1-c\alpha-bcr}{r+\beta}, \ w_\ast=\frac{c\alpha+\beta-bc\beta-1}{r+\beta},\N\]\Nif either\N\[\N\frac{1-\beta}{\alpha-b\beta}<c<\frac{1+r}{\alpha+rb}, \quad \beta<\min\{ 1, \frac{\alpha}{b}\}\N\]\Nor\N\[\N0<c<\min \{ \frac{1-\beta}{\alpha-b\beta}, \frac{1+r}{\alpha+rb} \}, \quad \beta >\max\{ 1, \frac{\alpha}{b}\}.\N\]\NFirst, the parameter region for \(E\) to be asymptotically linearly stable is prescribed. Second, bifurcation of spatially inhomogeneous steady states and their stability are examined by the bifurcation theory from simple eigenvalues. Then, several numerical results are exposed.