Numerical ranges as circular discs (Q654261)

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Numerical ranges as circular discs
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    Numerical ranges as circular discs (English)
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    28 December 2011
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    For a finite matrix \(A\) of the form \(\begin{pmatrix} aI& B \\ 0 &C\end{pmatrix}\) is proved that if its numerical range \(W(A)\) is a~circular disc centered at~\(a\), then \(a\) must be an eigenvalue of~\(C\). As a~consequence, the author shows, for any finite matrix~\(A\), that: (a)~if \(\partial W(A)\) contains a~circular disc, then its center is an eigenvalue of~\(A\), its geometric multiplicity being strictly less than its algebraic multiplicity, and~(b) if~\(A\) is similar to a~normal matrix, then \(\partial W(A)\) contains no circular disc.
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    numerical range
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    geometric multiplicity
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    algebraic multiplicity
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    normal matrix
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    eigenvalue
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